Evaluation of six insecticides against adults and larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on wheat, barley, maize and rough rice

Kavallieratos, Nickolas G.; Athanassiou, Christos G.; Diamantis, George C.; Gioukari, Helen G.; Boukouvala, Maria C.

doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2016.12.003

Cited by 67 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…As S. cerealella adults are short-living, natural mortality was also accountable for the high mortality (100%) which was detected after 14 days of exposure of adults to wheat treated with cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl. Kavallieratos et al (2017a) reported similar findings. Examining the efficacy of cypermethrin (1.6 mg a.i./kg) to Trogoderma granarium Everts adults in wheat, they found an efficacy of around 53 and 90% after three and seven days of exposure, respectively, while the mortality of S. cereallela adults in our study after 2-and 7-day exposure intervals in wheat treated with 1.6 mg a.i.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Cypermethrin efficacy against S. granarius and P. interpunctella was >94% on 0-and 7-days old deposits after 7 and 14 days of exposure, while pirimiphos-methyl achieved 100% efficacy against S. granarius in all test variants and >95% after 14 days of exposure of P. interpunctella, regardless of deposit age (0, 7, 14, 30 and 60 days). A study conducted by Kavallieratos et al (2017a) also revealed that pirimiphos-methyl (5.0 mg a.i. /kg) was more effective than cypermethrin (1.6 mg a.i.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in wheat grain

2017

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Residual efficacy of EC formulations of two insecticides: cypermethrin supplemented with the synergist piperonyl butoxide, and pirimiphos-methyl, against adults of the Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier), was investigated in the laboratory (at 25±1°C and 55-60% r.h.) by applying water solutions of products based either on cypermethrin (1.6 mg a.i./kg of wheat grain) or pirimiphos-methyl (4 mg a.i./kg of wheat grain) to wheat grain. Insect mortality on deposits of different age: 0, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days was estimated after 2, 7 and 14 days of insect exposure to treated wheat. After 2 day exposure, cypermethrin caused mortality of up to 46% on all deposits (age 0-180 days). After 7 days of exposure, high efficacy (94-100%) was found only on deposits that were up to 90 days old, while the mortality of S. cerealella adults on all deposits following 14 days of exposure was 98-100%, and it was probably additionally enhanced by natural mortality. Pirimiphos-methyl was 98-100% effective after 2 days of exposure to deposits that were up to 30 days old, while it achieved maximum efficacy (100%) after 7 days of insect exposure to deposits aging for up to 150 days, and 94% efficacy on 180 days old deposits. After 14 days of adult exposure to all deposit ages, there were no surviving insects (efficacy 100%). The results show that pirimiphos-methyl was more effective against S. cerealella adults and had a longer residual activity than cypermethrin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in wheat grain

2017

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“…Under this prism, the invasiveness of T. granarium and the invasibility of the southwestern United States, Neotropical America, and Australia should be quantitatively considered in current pest-risk analyses to reliably assess the importance of T. granarium as an invasive species and quarantine concern in these regions. In this effort, two further aspects need to be considered – the damage losses caused by T. granarium and difficulties for controlling this species ( Hill, 2003 ; Paini and Yemshanov, 2012 ; Kavallieratos et al, 2016 , 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adults of this species do not fly and hence, diapausing larvae, which often remain undetected, are considered the life stage that contributes to its spread in different eco-zones ( Banks, 1977 ). In fact, even the non-diapausing larvae have been proved tolerant to many of the currently used insecticides at dose rates that are effective to other major stored-product insect species ( Kavallieratos et al, 2016 , 2017 ). In this context, considering the difficulties in controlling this species, the potential establishment and spread of T. granarium is also directly related with the invasibility of the environment, including the temperature and humidity conditions, as well as local competitors ( Aitken, 1975 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invader Competition with Local Competitors: Displacement or Coexistence among the Invasive Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and Two Other Major Stored-Grain Beetles?

et al. 2017

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Local potential competitor species are important determinants of the invasibility of an environment even when widely recognized invasive species are concerned since it may compromise its establishment. Thus, the outcome of the direct competition among the invasive khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium, and the cosmopolitan species lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica and rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, and thus the likelihood of establishment of T. granarium under their co-occurrence, was here explored in paddy rice and wheat, at temperatures between 25 and 35°C and through 200 days of storage. Insect infestations were higher in wheat rather than in paddy rice. Trogoderma granarium was unable to displace any of the competing species under two and three-species competition experiments retaining lower adult population than both local competitors at the lowest temperature level. Rhyzopertha dominica prevailed in paddy rice, while S. oryzae prevailed in wheat. Paradoxically, T. granarium adults retained low population growth but contributed more for the total frass production and grain loss, much more than that recorded for R. dominica. Nonetheless, T. granarium larvae exhibited high population numbers 130 days after the introduction of the parental individuals. At higher temperature levels (30 and 35°C) the numbers of T. granarium larvae were extremely high even after 65 days, while the numbers of the other two species rapidly declined. Interestingly, the simultaneous presence of R. dominica and S. oryzae was beneficial for the population growth of T. granarium. Consequently, T. granarium has the ability to outperform other primary stored-product insects at high temperatures, while its presence at low temperatures remains for long periods apparently unaffected by other co-occurring species. Hence, T. granarium, in wheat, is able to outcompete other major species of stored-product insects at elevated temperatures, while at 25°C this species can maintain low numbers of individuals for long periods, which can rapidly produce population outbursts when the prevailing conditions are suitable for its development.

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“…Diapausing larvae are particularly tolerant to insecticidal treatments [21][22][23] and nonchemical methods, such as elevated temperatures [24]. It is also well documented that nondiapausing larvae are not easily controlled in stored cereals, especially in maize and rough maize [25], on different types of surfaces, such as concrete [26][27][28] or various types of packaging materials [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Six Insecticides on Egg Hatching and Larval Mortality of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Boukouvala

Kavallieratos

2020

Insects

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The khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is one of the most destructive insect species of stored food worldwide and is subjected to strict phytosanitary legislations. In the present study, we evaluated the egg hatching and larval mortality of T. granarium on concrete surfaces treated with six insecticides (i.e., α-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, deltamethrin, pirimiphos-methyl, pyriproxyfen, and s-methoprene) that are registered in Greece for surface treatment and exhibit a broad spectrum of different modes of action. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of the presence of food on egg hatching and larval mortality. Egg hatchability on treated concrete was higher in tests with the presence of food for all tested insecticides, with the exception of s-methoprene. In contrast, larval mortality was lower in treatments where there was nourishment for all insecticides. No egg hatching was recorded on concrete treated with pirimiphos-methyl where there was no food, while with the addition of food, the egg hatching did not exceeded 26.7% after 6 days of exposure. The highest percentage of hatched eggs was recorded on concrete treated with chlorfenapyr (87.7% with food vs. 76.7% without food), followed by deltamethrin (76.7% with food vs. 63.3% without food), pyriproxyfen (50.0% with food vs. 42.2% without food), and α-cypermethrin (28.9% with food vs. 6.7% without food). In the case of s-methoprene, more eggs were hatched in the absence of food (91.1%) in contrast to in the presence of food (86.7%). Regarding mortality, all larvae were dead after 5 days of exposure on pirimiphos-methyl-treated concrete with food. Furthermore, larvae died faster in treatments without food. For α-cypermethrin, 100% mortality was recorded after 4 days of exposure, while with presence of food, all larvae died after 6 days. Chlorfenapyr caused complete mortality of larvae after 5 days of exposure on concrete without food and after 8 days with food. In the case of deltamethrin, 100% mortality was recorded after 7 days in the absence of food and 8 days in the presence of food. Regarding pyriproxyfen, complete mortality was not recorded when food was present, reaching 94.1% 14 days postexposure. However, after 12 days, all larvae died in treatments without food. Although egg hatching was higher in the case of s-methoprene on concrete without food, larval mortality was 100% after 8 days of exposure. Nevertheless, when there was food, 87.3% of the exposed larvae died after 13 days. Therefore, it becomes evident that sanitation of storage facilities before the application of contact insecticides is a key factor for the successful control of T. granarium in the egg stage.

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Evaluation of six insecticides against adults and larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on wheat, barley, maize and rough rice

Cited by 67 publications

References 31 publications

Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in wheat grain

Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in wheat grain

Invader Competition with Local Competitors: Displacement or Coexistence among the Invasive Khapra Beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and Two Other Major Stored-Grain Beetles?

Effect of Six Insecticides on Egg Hatching and Larval Mortality of Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

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