Evaluation of Shock Absorbing Performance of Sports Bras

Zhou, Jie; Yu, Winnie; Ng, S.W.; Hale, J. M.

doi:10.3993/jfbi09200906

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A scientific and reasonable parameter utilized to quantify breast motions makes the results more comprehensive and reliable. Numerous reports have described the breast motions based on the points (Scurr et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2009), but these studies were unable to reflect the motions of the breast regions. Herein, the distance alteration between breast points ( d ) was utilized to analyze the breast motions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The displacement, velocity, and acceleration were utilized to investigate the breast point's motions (Scurr et al, 2010;Zhou et al, 2009), however, the motions of the breast areas were ignored in these reports. The distance alteration of the breast regions ( d ) was applied in this study to explore the extension and contraction of the breast surface during exercises as shown in Eq.…”

Section: Breast Motion Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the development of motion capture techniques, researchers began to investigate the breast motions in three dimensions (Scurr et al, 2009;Wood et al, 2012;Zhou et al, 2012). Awareness of the relative property of breast motions in three dimensions also improves the development of a series of new coordinate systems and breast motion indicators (Milligan et al, 2015;Scurr et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2009Zhou et al, , 2012. Zhou et.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The relevance of breast motions and gaits in running exercises

et al. 2022

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The control of breast motions is a critical indicator to evaluate the comfort and function of sports bras. If the breast motions can be predicted based on the gait parameters detected by wearable sensors, it will more economical and convenient to evaluate the bras. Thirteen unmarried Chinese females with a breast cup of 75B were recruited in this study to investigate the regularity of breast motions and the relevance between breast motions and gaits during running exercises. The breast motion indicator is the distance alteration of breast regions. The gaits were described by the rotation angles of the hip, knee, ankle joints, and the foot height off the ground. Firstly, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were utilized to analyze the motion diversity among the eight breast regions. Then, the gray correlation analysis was applied to explore the relevance between breast motions and gaits. Finally, the back-propagation neural network, the genetic algorithm, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm were utilized to construct the prediction models for breast motions based on gait parameters. The results demonstrate that the same breast regions on the bilateral breasts and the different breast regions on the ipsilateral breasts present a significant motion diversity. There is a moderate correlation between breast motions and gait parameters, and the back-propagation neural network optimized by the particle swarm optimization algorithm performs better in breast motion prediction, which has a coefficient of determination of 84.58% and a mean absolute error of 0.2108.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breast Motion Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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The relevance of breast motions and gaits in running exercises

et al. 2022

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“…Different components of a sports bra, including the straps, neckline, cups and pads, dampen breast deformation differently (Norris et al, 2021). By recruiting a large number of subjects and using motion capture techniques, the antideformation function of these components can be evaluated scientifically Steele, 2010, 2011;Nolte et al, 2016;Wang, 2009;Zhou et al, 2012;Lu et al, 2016;Yu and Zhou, 2016;Zhou, 2013;Jang et al, 2013;Okabe and Kurokawa, 2010). The straps lift and hold the breasts in place (Zhou et al, 2012;Yu and Zhou, 2016;Jang et al, 2013); in particular, wider straps are effective in controlling breast deformation (Wang, 2009;Jang et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By recruiting a large number of subjects and using motion capture techniques, the anti-deformation function of these components can be evaluated scientifically (McGhee and Steele, 2010, 2011; Nolte et al. , 2016; Wang, 2009; Zhou et al. , 2012; Lu et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the effect of bra pad specifications on breast deformation during jumping using a finite element method

Liu

Sun

Zuo

et al. 2023

IJCST

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to predict the effect of bra pad specifications on breast deformation during jumping using a finite element (FE) method. Breast deformation is a key concern for women during exercise and can be effectively controlled with sports bras. In most studies, the deformation of breasts when wearing a sports bra is measured using motion capture devices to judge their effectiveness. However, the operation of such devices is highly complex and time-consuming. Computer-aided technology is an efficient way to simulate these experiments.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the breast model was obtained using three-dimensional (3D) scanning. Assembling models were obtained for FE analysis using reverse engineering and computer-aided design (CAD) software. The breast deformation results were obtained by completing pre-processing, solving and post-processing in the FE simulation software. To extend the application of these models, pads of different sizes and thicknesses within the bra were constructed to simulate the effect of pads on breast deformation.FindingsThe calculated root mean square errors were <1%, which indicated good agreement between the FE and experimental data in all the models. Nipple deformation was always the largest in most models. The smallest deformation occurred at the superior position of breasts in all models. In addition, larger pads were not effective in reducing breast deformation; however, thicker pads were.Originality/valueThe method developed in this study provides an effective way to predict breast deformation in multiple positions and is convenient for designing compression bras.

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