Evaluation of seven different wheat cultivars for their resistance to drought in terms of growth indicators and yield

A maize (Zea mays L.) field experiment conducted during the crop season 2022 at the Experimental Farm, Al-Mahnawiya, Extension Training Center, Babylon, Iraq, sought to evaluate the water stress tolerance of four maize cultivars under different irrigation regimes. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement and three replications. Four irrigation treatments comprised the main plots: full irrigation (control), no irrigation during elongation (Gs-V7), no irrigation during grain-filling (Gs-R2), and no irrigation during elongation and grain-filling (Gs- V7+R2). The subplots included four maize cultivars: Furat, Dijlah, ZP, and Konsens. Leaf area decreased by 1873.76 cm2 plant-1 during the elongation stage (Gs-V7) due to non-irrigation. Nonirrigation during elongation (Gs-V7) and both elongation and grain-filling (Gs-V7+R2) reduced rows per ear, grains per row, and 500-grain weight at 11.65 and 11.02 rows ear-1, 26.77 and 23.23 grains row-1, and 54.90 and 63.94 g, respectively. Withholding irrigation during the elongation stage (Gs- V7), the filling (Gs-R2), and the elongation and filling phases all had decreased grain output. The lack of irrigation during the elongation stage (Gs-V7) boosted the ZmMYBE1 gene expression in vegetative phases. However, irrigation suppression did not impact the ZmMYBE1 gene expression in reproductive stages. The cultivar Furat had the most rows (17.58) and grains per row (37.58), and the cultivar Konsens had the maximum mean of 500-grain weight (84.36 g).

Section: Grains Per Rowsupporting

confidence: 89%

Drought-Stress Effects on Resistant Gene Expression, Growth, and Yield Traits of Maize (Zea Mays L.)

ABDUL MOHSIN

2023

“…Biofertilizers are vital in increasing the supply of nutrients, including nitrogen, which helped enhance vegetative growth, branch number, and flag leaf area, increasing biomass. The augmentation in biological yield can also refer to a positive correlation between plant height and biological yield (Farhood et al, 2022;Al-Fatlawi et al, 2023). These results were in analogy with the past findings concerning the evaluation of the capacity of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and fungi on different forms of phosphorus in liquid culture (Turan et al, 2006, Schoebitz et al, 2013Al-Bahrani, 2015).…”

Section: Biological Yieldsupporting

confidence: 87%

Economic Analysis and Effect of Triple Bacterial and Mineral Fertilizers on the Growth and Yield Traits of Wheat

BLAW

2023

The conduct of a field trial in the 2021–2022 cropping season assessed the economic feasibility and effect of using locally produced microbial biofertilizers on the growth and yield traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The manures of Providencia vermicola, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Raoultella planticola served as sample treatments in the study. The research was in a randomized complete block design at the Agricultural Experiment and Research Station (31°20′19″N 45°17′20″E), College of Agriculture, Al-Muthanna University, Iraq. Microbial fertilizers were the first factor, with the second factor comprising two levels of mineral fertilizers, i.e., a) no chemical fertilizer and b) using half of the recommended chemical fertilizer, addressing the interactions between biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers, having a two-factor experiment. Field results showed that triple biofertilization consisting of A. faecalis, R. planticola, and P. vermicola proved superior based on grain yield and biomass using half of the recommended fertilizer (P7) (8.038 t ha-1 and 24.938 t ha-1 ). In turn, the economic analysis results were consistent with the technical outcomes, as treatment P7 recorded the highest profit amounting to USD 483.625 ha-1 . In addition to recording the highest revenue per ha at the rate of 6.2477, treatment P7 for the level of fertilization F1 recorded the maximum level, amounting to about USD 144.284, 165,298.65, and 48,362.5 ha-1 for the criteria of the invested USD return, productive profitability, and added value, respectively.

“…According to Vargas-Ponce et al (2011), the application of molecular systematics has altered the view of the Tree of Life at the taxonomic level. Molecular markers, unaffected by external influences, have emerged as an influential resource for modern taxonomists (Al-Fatlawi et al, 2023). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rDNA and the ndhF and trnLF chloroplast areas are techniques used to analyze the phylogeny using short DNA sequences of standard genome genes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of Some Species of Cyperaceae Based on Dna Internal Transcribed Spacers (Its) in Iraq

HAMID,

AL-RUFAYE,

KHALEEL

et al. 2023

Cyperaceae is the third-largest monocot family and has ecological and commercial significance worldwide. It is also a perfect model family for evolutionary research due to species diversity and the wide range of variations in lineage diversity. Using a nuclear region internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the current study attempted to identify the three species (Carex otrubae, Bolboschoenus fluviatilis, and Eleocharis palustris) and examine their relationships within the Cyperaceae family. In 2021, gathering of samples transpired from various locations along the Al-Hussainiya River in Iraq and the National Herbarium. According to the findings, the length of the fragments sequenced ranged between 750 and 1000 bp. Results also showed the sequence alignments between the two species (Carex otrubae and Bolboschoenus fluviatilis) have similarities and differences with those deposited in the Genome Bank. However, the Eleocharis palustris showed complete similarity in all regions of the nitrogenous base sequences with species deposited in the Genome Bank.