Evaluation of Setting Time, Solubility, and Compressive Strength of Four Calcium Silicate-Based Cements

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the physical properties of 4 kinds of calcium silicatebased cements (CSCs): 2 kinds of powder-liquid mix type (RetroMTA<sup>®</sup> [RTMX] and Endocem<sup>®</sup> MTA Zr [EZMX]) and 2 kinds of premixed type (Well-Root<sup>™</sup>PT [WRPR] and Endocem<sup>®</sup> MTA premixed [ECPR]) CSCs, respectively. Further, we assessed the setting times, solubility values, and compressive strengths of the cements. The shortest setting time was observed for EZMX (123.33 ± 5.77 seconds), followed by RTMX (146.67 ± 5.77 seconds), ECPR (260.00 ± 17.32 seconds), and WRPR (460.00 ± 17.32 seconds), respectively. The highest solubility was observed for WRPR (9.01 ± 0.55%), followed by RTMX (2.17 ± 0.07%), EZMX (0.55 ± 0.03%), and ECPR (0.17 ± 0.03%). Furthermore, the highest compressive strength was observed for ECPR (76.67 ± 25.67 Mpa), followed by WRPR (38.39 ± 7.25 Mpa), RTMX (35.07 ± 5.34 Mpa), and EZMX (4.07 ± 0.60 Mpa). In conclusion, the premixed type CSCs (WRPR and ECPR) exhibited longer setting times compared to the powder-liquid mix type CSCs (EZMX and RTMX). The solubility test showed that ECPR had the lowest solubility while WRPR had the highest solubility, with a statistically significant difference between them (<i>p</i> < 0.0083). Additionally, the compressive strength test showed that ECPR had the highest compressive strength, while EZMX had the lowest compressive strength, also with a statistically significant difference between them (<i>p</i> < 0.0083). ECPR is a promising material as it is premixed, eliminating the need for mixing time, and it has also demonstrated improved solubility and compressive strength, making it a potentially favorable option for clinical use.

Physicochemical, Biological, and Antibacterial Properties of Four Bioactive Calcium Silicate-Based Cements

“…We evaluated the physicochemical, biological, and antibacterial properties of four fast-setting CSCs, including premixed types. The initial setting times of the products were determined to be 123.33 ± 5.77 s for ECZR, 146.67 ± 5.77 s for RETM, 260 ± 17.32 s for ECPR, and 460 ± 17.32 s for WRPT [ 20 ].…”

Antibacterial Activity and Sustained Effectiveness of Calcium Silicate-Based Cement as a Root-End Filling Material against Enterococcus faecalis

“…No antibacterial effects were observed in the PRW group. This may be attributable to differences in the characteristics of the constituents of CSCs [ 26 , 27 ]. CHX is an antiseptic solution used as a mouthwash or for topical treatment to prevent or treat periodontal disease and dental caries.…”

“…The radiopacity of the EP group was the highest and the addition of CHX did not significantly change the radiopacity of ProRoot and Endocem MTA materials. As for the requirements of retrograde filling materials, they should display good radiopacity, possess low solubility, and exhibit appropriate physical properties, such as a low setting time and high compressive strength [ 27 ]. Moreover, the addition of CHX or other antibacterial agents should not deteriorate these properties.…”