Evaluation of serum levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and CD4, CD8 and natural killer (NK) populations during infrared pulsed laser device (IPLD) treatment

Abstract

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of TNF‐α, sIL‐2R and distribution of peripheral leucocyte subsets in patients with advanced neoplastic disease undergoing IPLD treatment. Fifteen cancer patients with evidence of persistent disease were further divided in two groups according to outcome at the end of the period of clinical evaluation: group 1 patients were still alive and group 2 patients had died. Our results show: (i) an increase in the initial level of TNF‐α in both groups; (ii) a decrease in TNF‐α levels during the follow up of group I patients; (iii) a significant increase in serum levels of sIL‐2R in patients in group 2 compared with those in group 1; (iv) a progressive and constant increase in TNF‐α levels in group 2; (v) a decrease in CD4+CD45RA+ subpopulation in both groups; (vi) an increase in CD25+ cells; (vii) an increase in CD4+, CD4+ CD45RA+ and CD25+ cells during the follow up of group 2 patients. The data generated here form the basis for further investigations on the use of IPLD as a single agent and in combination with other biological response modifiers in cancer patients.

“Quantum Leap” in Photobiomodulation Therapy Ushers in a New Generation of Light-Based Treatments for Cancer and Other Complex Diseases: Perspective and Mini-Review

“…We also found clinical evidence of immune regulatory effects over inflammation during treatment of solid tumors with the IPLD, a NIR diode laser pulsed at a frequency of 3 MHz. 43 These results are in agreement with the regulating role of the vagal reflex on the inflammatory reflex reported by Tracey, using an electronic device that stimulated nerves to treat inflammation. 71,72 In addition, PBM has been shown to protect against retinal dysfunction and photoreceptor cell death in rodent models of retinal injury and retinal degeneration.…”

“…8,42 Modulation of cluster of differentiation (CD)4 CD45RA+, CD25 activated, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), and soluble interleukin (IL)-2 receptor (sIL-2R) was further documented. 43 These hallmark results, supported by independent data, [70][71][72] demonstrate that PBM therapy can modulate antitumor effects, 6,8 in sharp contrast with long-held views. 45,73,74 This evidence is also consistent with growing experimental and clinical reports from multiple other authors.…”

“…29,34,35 Resulting effects match reported reductions in the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by that low-energy laser irradiation, 40 as well as theoretical, 38,39 experimental, 27,28 and clinical studies. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] These and other oxygen-independent PBM effects are channeled through metabolic control levels to regulate the energy-dependent path from the genotype to the phenotype. 49,50 Light-Water Interactions and the Quantum Leap in PBM…”

Laser Photobiomodulation as a Potential Multi-Target Anticancer Therapy-Review

“…Among other reasons, this is significant because cancer and many neurodegenerative diseases share age-related and metabolic disorderdependent damage of cellular energy and transport processes that are mostly caused by ROS stress. Theoretical [57][58][59] , experimental [60,61] and clinical [8][9][10][11][12] studies further suggest that PIPBM and WO may enhance physiologically reparative processes in a noninvasive, non-toxic, systemic, and selective manner through the activation and modulation of chaotic dynamics in water. These in turn lead to local and long-distance (systemic) effects with many potential applications in medicine.…”

Water-light interaction: A novel pathway for multi hallmark therapy in cancer

“…Previously, Clinical Experimental Immunology published significant immune modulation of CD4, CD45RA+, CD25, TNF-α, and soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R). 14 An article in Lasers in Surgery and Medicine showed selective activation of programmed cellular death (that is, apoptosis, necrosis, anoikis) and associated cytomorphologic changes in neoplastic cells, but not in peripheral tissues. 15 Over the last decade, we have strived to document the structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic implications of our findings.…”