Evaluation of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis

Mahyar, Abolfazl; Ayazi, Parviz; Abbasi, Mahnaz; Dalirani, Reza; Taremiha, Alireza; Javadi, Amir; Esmaeily, Shiva

doi:10.5812/pedinfect.39477

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We searched PubMed using keywords such as “vitamin D” and “lower respiratory tract infections” or “viral infections,” focusing on studies on pediatric populations, including both observational studies and clinical trials. Numerous studies investigated the association between low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and increased susceptibility to LRTI in childhood, as listed in Table 4 [ 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 , 144 , 145 , 146 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies showed contrasting evidence and found no difference in vitamin D status in LRTI patients vs. controls [ 129 , 137 , 141 ]. A 2016 study conducted in Hong Kong on children and adults found no significant association between lower levels of vitamin D and higher incidence of influenza virus infections [ 140 ].…”

Section: Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

et al. 2020

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“…Conversely, a study on children aged 1–25 months admitted to hospital with lower respiratory tract infections (primarily viral bronchiolitis), did not find any association between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of hospitalization [ 5 ]. At last, no significant difference between children aged 1–24 months hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis and controls was highlighted in a recent case-control study [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal and Environmental Risk Factors at Birth and Hospital Admission: Direct and Vitamin D-Mediated Effects on Bronchiolitis Hospitalization in Italian Children

Zaffanello

Ferrante

Fasola

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Seasonal variations in UV-B radiation may influence vitamin D status, and this, in turn, may influence the risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization. The aim of this study was using a causal inference approach to investigate, simultaneously, the interrelationships between personal and environmental risk factors at birth/hospital admission (RFBH), serum vitamin D levels and bronchiolitis hospitalization. A total of 63 children (<2 years old) hospitalized for bronchiolitis (34 RSV-positive) and 63 controls were consecutively enrolled (2014–2016). Vitamin D levels and some RFBH (birth season, birth weight, gestational age, gender, age, weight, hospitalization season) were recorded. The discovered RFBH effects on the risk ok bronchiolitis hospitalization were decomposed into direct and vitamin-D mediated ones through Mediation Analysis. Winter-spring season (vs. summer-autumn) was significantly associated with lower vitamin D levels (mean difference −11.14 nmol/L). Increasing serum vitamin D levels were significantly associated with a lower risk of bronchiolitis hospitalization (OR = 0.84 for a 10-nmol/L increase). Winter-spring season and gestational age (one-week increase) were significantly and directly associated with bronchiolitis hospitalization (OR = 6.37 and OR = 0.78 respectively), while vitamin D-mediated effects were negligible (1.21 and 1.02 respectively). Using a comprehensive causal approach may enhance the understanding of the complex interrelationships among RFBH, vitamin D and bronchiolitis hospitalization.

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“…However, the rates of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were high in both groups (25 and 22%, respectively), leading the authors to recommend routine screening for vitamin D deficiency in children with LRI, and vitamin D supplementation in all children, especially during the winter months [75]. Similarly, one study in Canada and one in Iran found no significant differences between cases and controls in terms of 25(OH)D serum levels for uncomplicated ALRI (primary viral bronchiolitis) in children less than 2 years old [76,77].…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 97%

The association between vitamin D status and infectious diseases of the respiratory system in infancy and childhood

2019

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Purpose Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major cause of illness worldwide and the most common cause of hospitalization for pneumonia and bronchiolitis. These two diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children under 5 years of age. Vitamin D is believed to have immunomodulatory effects on the innate and adaptive immune systems by modulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides, like cathelicidin, in response to both viral and bacterial stimuli. The aim of this review is to summarize the more recently published data with regard to potential associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with infectious respiratory tract diseases of childhood and the possible health benefits from vitamin D supplementation. Methods The literature search was conducted by using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, with the following keywords: vitamin D, respiratory tract infection, tuberculosis, influenza, infancy, and childhood. Results Several studies have identified links between inadequate 25(OH)D concentrations and the development of upper or lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. Some of them also suggest that intervention with vitamin D supplements could decrease both child morbidity and mortality from such causes. Conclusions Most studies agree in that decreased vitamin D concentrations are prevalent among most infants and children with RTIs. Also, normal to high-serum 25(OH)D appears to have some beneficial influence on the incidence and severity of some, but not all, types of these infections. However, studies with vitamin D supplementation revealed conflicting results as to whether supplementation may be of benefit, and at what doses.

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Evaluation of Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Personal and Environmental Risk Factors at Birth and Hospital Admission: Direct and Vitamin D-Mediated Effects on Bronchiolitis Hospitalization in Italian Children

The association between vitamin D status and infectious diseases of the respiratory system in infancy and childhood

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