Evaluation of self-healing capability of a polycaprolactone interphase in epoxy/glass composites

Simonini, Laura; Mahmood, Haroon; Dorigato, Andrea; Pegoretti, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107539

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The use of CANs derived from epoxy monomers has demonstrated remarkable potential as matrices for micrometric and nanometric reinforcements [1,6,9]. The use of these reinforcements into epoxy matrices leads to significant improvements in mechanical, electrical, or thermal properties [11][12][13][14][15], as well as to improve or achieve other functionalities such as Joule heating, self-healing, or shape memory [11,[16][17][18][19]. In this regard, the use of carbon-derived particles [14,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27], such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), or short carbon fibers, has proved to be an efficient way to enhance the aforementioned properties, allowing in some cases to achieve multifunctional micro-or nanocomposites [11,16,17,19,21,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable Multifunctional Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Vitrimers with Shape Memory and Joule Heating Capabilities

Cortés,

Sánchez-Romate,

Martinez-Diaz

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The present study focuses on the multifunctional capabilities of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced vitrimers. More specifically, the thermomechanical properties, the Joule effect heating capabilities, the electrical conductivity, the shape memory, and the chemical recycling capacity are explored as a function of the CNT content and the NH2/epoxy ratio. It is observed that the electrical conductivity increases with the CNT content due to a higher number of electrical pathways, while the effect of the NH2/epoxy ratio is not as prevalent. Moreover, the Tg of the material decreases when increasing the NH2/epoxy ratio due to the lower cross-link density, whereas the effect of the CNTs is more complex, in some cases promoting a steric hindrance. The results of Joule heating tests prove the suitability of the proposed materials for resistive heating, reaching average temperatures above 200 °C when applying 100 V for the most electrically conductive samples. Shape memory behavior shows an outstanding shape fixity ratio in every case (around 100%) and a higher shape recovery ratio (95% for the best-tested condition) when decreasing the NH2/epoxy ratio and increasing the CNT content, as both hinder the rearrangement of the dynamic bonds. Finally, the results of the recyclability tests show the ability to regain the nanoreinforcement for their further use. Therefore, from a multifunctional analysis, it can be stated that the proposed materials present promising properties for a wide range of applications, such as Anti-icing and De-icing Systems (ADIS), Joule heating devices for comfort or thermotherapy, or self-deployable structures, among others.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recyclable Multifunctional Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Vitrimers with Shape Memory and Joule Heating Capabilities

Cortés,

Sánchez-Romate,

Martinez-Diaz

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…These findings indicate that NFBC is a superior reinforcement material (Hashim et al 2022a). Epoxy glass composites have been introduced into PCL to develop self-healing composites (Simonini et al 2023). Cellulose has been employed to reinforce PCL for the development of composites in the form of nanofibers (Lee et al 2011) and nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (Hashim et al 2022b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) concentration in polycaprolactone bio-composites for bio-plotting: a robust interpretation of the reinforcement mechanisms

Vidakis,

Petousis,

Michailidis

et al. 2024

Cellulose

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Bioabsorbable and biodegradable composites have experienced rapid growth, owing to their high demand in the biomedical sector. Polymer-cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) compounds were developed using a medical-grade poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix to improve the stiffness and load-bearing capacity of pure PCL. Five PCL/CNCs filament grades were melt-extruded, pelletized, and fed into an industrial bioplotter to fabricate specimens. To assess the effects of CNCs on pure PCL, 14 tests were conducted, including rheological, thermomechanical, and in situ micro-mechanical testing, among others. The porosity and dimensional accuracy of the samples were also documented using micro-computed tomography while scanning electron microscopy was employed for morphological characterization. Overall, the 4.0 wt % CNCs loading accomplished the optimum mechanical response, with an increase in its tensile (19.1%) and flexural strength (12.6%) compared to pure PCL. Concurrently, this grade exhibited the highest MFR, minimum porosity, and highest nominal-to-actual geometric accuracy, thereby convincingly interpreting the reinforcement mechanisms.

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“…In such sense, polycaprolactone (PCL) demonstrated to act as a preferable self-healing agent for polymer composites. [42][43][44][45][46][47] It is a thermoplastic biodegradable polyester with melting point at 60 C and glass transition temperature at À60 C. It is soluble in various solvents at room temperature, like chloroform, benzene, toluene, dichloromethane, and acetone, and it is also miscible with other polymers, including epoxy (EP) matrices. [48][49][50][51][52] Yao et al investigated the self-healing ability of PCL/EP blends and demonstrated a tensile strength recovery of 45% compared to the neat EP samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctional epoxy/carbon composites with a fully reparable interface

Simonini,

Canale,

Mahmood

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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In this work, for the first time, carbon fibers (CFs) were coated with nanosized‐polycaprolactone (PCL) particles to obtain a functionalized self‐healable interphase, capable to fully recover the pristine interfacial shear strength with a debonded epoxy matrix. PCL nanoparticles were initially water‐dispersed at different concentrations and deposited on CFs by electrophoretic deposition. The application of various voltage levels resulted in different morphologies of the coating. Epoxy microdroplets were deposited and cured on neat and PCL‐coated fibers. After complete interfacial debonding by microdebonding tests, an electric current was applied on CFs to activate a thermal interfacial healing by Joule effect. The healing efficiency was estimated as the ratio of interfacial shear strength measured before and after healing. An outstanding repairing efficiency was obtained upon thermal mending with a complete recovery of the original interfacial shear strength, thus indicating a strong potential of the PCL nanocoating as interfacial healing agent for composite structures.Highlights CFs were coated with nanosized‐PCL particles to obtain a functionalized self‐healable interphase. Electrophoretic deposition was employed for the fiber coating. Microdebonding tests were performed to assess the fiber/matrix interfacial properties in terms of interfacial shear strength. A full recovery of the interfacial properties was obtained via thermal interfacial healing by Joule effect.

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Evaluation of self-healing capability of a polycaprolactone interphase in epoxy/glass composites

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Recyclable Multifunctional Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Vitrimers with Shape Memory and Joule Heating Capabilities

Recyclable Multifunctional Nanocomposites Based on Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Vitrimers with Shape Memory and Joule Heating Capabilities

Optimization of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) concentration in polycaprolactone bio-composites for bio-plotting: a robust interpretation of the reinforcement mechanisms

Multifunctional epoxy/carbon composites with a fully reparable interface

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