Evaluation of Self-Attenuation Coefficients of Oil-Produced Scales for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopic Analysis

Abstract

& This study focuses on the evaluation of self-attenuation correction factors (C f ) and linearÀ attenuation coefficients (l) of scale samples, produced from the oil fields. This was performed using 152 Eu point source at the optimal geometry found (i.e., 3 mm). The scale samples were of apparent density ranging 1.04 À 3.08 g cm À3 . The results illustrated that self-attenuation correction values were as high as 5.08 for the most dense samples at c-energy line of 45.5 keV. High correlation was observed by Pearson matrix between self-attenuation correction factor and sample density (correlation coefficient of 0.967 at c-energy of 45.5 keV). A simplified model of the relationship between these variables was proposed. The remarkable finding was that when scale sample density increased self-absorption extended to occur to a higher energy line. Hence, self-attenuation correction was negligible at c-energies of 122, 222, and 344 keV for samples with density ranging 1.04-1.41, 1.45-2.04, and 2.12-3.08 g cm À3 , respectively. Since linear attenuation coefficient is material sensitive, it was calculated for each sample. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) reflected the linear relationship between linear-attenuation coefficient and sample density up to 344 keV which disappeared thereafter. The data obtained allowed an accurate determination of the concentrations of c-emitters in scale samples within the energy range of 45.5-1408 keV.

Nonlinear Fuzzy Linguistics for the Determination of Nitrogen Monoxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Sulfur Dioxide by Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy

“…[1] The technique has been widely used in many different areas of analytical science. [2][3][4][5] Quantitative spectroscopy employs a reliable prediction model with spectra for analysis.…”