Evaluation of sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine, midazolam and dexmedetomidine–midazolam in tegus (Salvator merianae)

Bisetto, Shayne Pedrozo; Melo, Cristiano F.; Carregaro, Adriano Bonfim

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2017.12.004

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…It was also observed that both of them had similar quantitative and qualitative effects on the pain 20 . Bisetto and others 21 examined the sedative and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine–midazolam mix in a group of 6 tegus (Salvator Merianae). The results showed that midazolam had sedative, but not analgesic, effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam on Postoperative Cognitive Impairment after Coronary Artery Bypasses Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Rajaei

Tabari

Soltani

et al. 2019

JTHC

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Background: Postoperative cognitive decline is a common complication observed frequently after general anesthesia in the immediate postoperative phase. We studied the effects of dexmedetomidine versus midazolam during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery on cognitive and memory function. Methods: In this clinical trial, 42 elective on-pump CABG candidates under general anesthesia, aged between 40 and 65 years, were enrolled randomly in 2 groups. Group A received 0.05–0.1 mg/kg of midazolam and Group B received 1 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine. One day before surgery, all the participants underwent the Persian version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Persian version of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) test for a comparison of cognitive impairment and memory functions. Both groups were given fentanyl and propofol for the induction of anesthesia and muscle relaxants. The MMSE and WMS tests were repeated 5 and 30 days after surgery. Results: The mean±SD of age was 55.47±7.18 y in Group A and 55.39±6.08 y in Group B. Eighty percent of the participants were men in both groups. There were no significant differences between Group A and Group B in the MMSE and WMS before surgery (89.04±14.30 vs. 97.10±18.10, respectively; P=0.059), but the WMS was significantly different 30 days after surgery (87.60±14.30 vs. 103.53±19.93, respectively; P=0.005). Group A showed high cognitive impairment and low WMS scores compared with Group B (P=0.005). Additionally, the MMSE results were not statistically different between the 2 groups postoperatively (24.80±3.18 vs. 23.55±4.18, respectively; P=0.394). Conclusion: Our results showed that dexmedetomidine might have a lower impact on cognitive function than might midazolam among patients undergoing CABG. J Teh Univ Heart Ctr 2019;14(2):67-73 This paper should be cited as: Rajaei M, Tabari M, Soltani G, Alizadeh K, Nazari A, Noroozian M, Morovatdar N. Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam on Postoperative Cognitive Impairment after Coronary Artery Bypasses Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Teh Univ Heart Ctr 2019;14(2):67-73.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison between the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam on Postoperative Cognitive Impairment after Coronary Artery Bypasses Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Rajaei

Tabari

Soltani

et al. 2019

JTHC

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“…In addition to the tests described, behavioral analysis is commonly used in reptile studies. The coordination and head tonus present after sedative administration have already been described in lizards, 7 chelonians, 14,36 snakes, 34 and alligators. 29 Reptiles' recovery from sedation has also been evaluated by using behavioral analysis.…”

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confidence: 78%

“…This drug has resulted in different outcomes among reptiles. For example, it is effective in Salvator merianae 7 and Trachemys scripta elegans 30 but ineffective in Chelydra serpentina, 6 Chelonoides carbonaria, and Geochelone platynota. 14 One of the main advantages of benzodiazepines, like midazolam, is the possibility of reversing their effects.…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of Rodent Sedation Tests to Evaluate Midazolam and Flumazenil in Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana)

Bressan

Sobreira

Carregaro

2019

j am assoc lab anim sci

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This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of rodent behavioral tests to assess the effects of midazolam and flumazenil in green iguanas. Four tests commonly used to assess sedation in rodents—the open field test, forced swim test, behavioral scale, and traction test—were conducted in 10 juveniles iguanas. The animals received midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) or 0.9% NaCl (0.4 mL/kg IM), and the tests were conducted between 0 and 300 min thereafter. To verify the effects of midazolam and flumazenil, the most informative tests from the evaluation stage and the limb withdrawal latency time (LWLT) were used. All 10 iguanas were tested under 4 conditions, as follows: MS, midazolam (2 mg/kg IM), followed 30 min later by 0.9% NaCl (0.4 mL/kg IM); FS, flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg IM), followed by 0.9% NaCl (0.4 mL/kg IM) 30 min later; MF, midazolam (2 mg/ kg IM), followed by flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg IM) 30 min later; and CON, 0.9% NaCl (0.4 mL/kg IM). The behavioral scale and the forced swim test showed the best detection of the onset, peak effect, and the differences between the sedated and control iguanas, with testing done between 15 and 240 min after drug administration. The sedative effect of midazolam began at 15 min and persisted through 180 min when assessed on the behavioral scale and 240 min when assessed by the forced swim test; flumazenil administration reversed the sedative effect. An increase in the LWLT was observed in the midazolam treatment groups between 15 and 30 min after drug administration. Flumazenil decreased LWLT between 15 and 180 min in the FS and at 60 min in the MF. In conclusion, the best methods to assess sedation in iguanas were the behavioral scale and the forced swim test. A dose of 2 mg/kg of midazolam was effective at inducing sedation in these juvenile iguanas, and this effect could be reversed by flumazenil.

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“…It has also been shown to decrease the minimum alveolar concentration of halogenated gases in numerous species, hence reducing the severity of side effects associated with inhalational anesthesia (Greiner & Larach, ; Hall, Szlam, & Hug, ; Schwieger, Jorge‐Costa, Pizzolato, Forster, & Morel, ; Seddighi, Egger, Rohrbach, Cox, & Doherty, ). In reptiles, it provides a reliable sedation in various species (Arnett‐Chinn, Hadfield, & Clayton, ; Bisetto, Melo, & Carregaro, ; Larouche, Beaufrère, Mosley, Nemeth, & Dutton, ; Olsson & Phalen, ; Oppenheim & Moon, ), although this effect appears highly variable in turtles (Bienzle & Boyd, ; Emery, Parsons, Gerhardt, Schumacher, & Souza, ; Harvey‐Clark, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of sedation is quite variable across reptilian species receiving midazolam, with significant sedation being reported for 3 min to 2 hr in red‐eared sliders ( Trachemys scripta elegans ) (Oppenheim & Moon, ) and 5 min to 8 hr in tegus ( Salvator merianae ) (Bisetto et al, ) receiving 1.5 and 1 mg/kg IM, respectively. In ophidian species, the duration of action of midazolam appears to be even longer with a significant sedative effect being reported for 2.3 days in ball pythons ( Python regius ) receiving 1 mg/kg IM (Larouche et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of midazolam and its major metabolite 1‐hydroxymidazolam in the ball python (Python regius) after intracardiac and intramuscular administrations

Larouche

Johnson

Beaudry

et al. 2019

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Midazolam is a benzodiazepine with sedative, muscle relaxant, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects. Twelve ball pythons (Python regius) were used in a parallel study evaluating the pharmacokinetics of 1 mg/kg midazolam following a single intracardiac (IC) or intramuscular (IM) administration. Blood was collected from a central venous catheter placed 7 days prior, or by cardiocentesis, at 15 time points starting just prior to and up to 72 hr after drug administration. Plasma concentrations of midazolam and 1‐hydroxymidazolam were determined by the use of high‐performance liquid chromatography tandem‐mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using noncompartmental analysis. The mean ± SD terminal half‐lives of IC and IM midazolam were 12.04 ± 3.25 hr and 16.54 ± 7.10 hr, respectively. The area under the concentration‐time curve extrapolated to infinity, clearance, and apparent volume of distribution in steady‐state of IC midazolam were 19,112.3 ± 3,095.9 ng*hr/ml, 0.053 ± 0.008 L hr−1 kg−1, and 0.865 ± 0.289 L/kg, respectively. The bioavailability of IM midazolam was estimated at 89%. Maximum plasma concentrations following an IM administration were reached 2.33 ± 0.98 hr and 24.00 ± 14.12 hr postinjection for midazolam and 1‐hydroxymidazolam, respectively, and 22.33 ± 20.26 hr postinjection for 1‐hydroxymidazolam following IC administration.

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Evaluation of sedative and antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine, midazolam and dexmedetomidine–midazolam in tegus (Salvator merianae)

Cited by 19 publications

References 28 publications

Comparison between the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam on Postoperative Cognitive Impairment after Coronary Artery Bypasses Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Comparison between the Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Midazolam on Postoperative Cognitive Impairment after Coronary Artery Bypasses Graft Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Use of Rodent Sedation Tests to Evaluate Midazolam and Flumazenil in Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana)

Pharmacokinetics of midazolam and its major metabolite 1‐hydroxymidazolam in the ball python (Python regius) after intracardiac and intramuscular administrations

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