Evaluation of Seasonal Variations in the Glucosinolate Content in Leaves and Roots of Four European Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Landraces

Ciska, Ewa; Horbowicz, Marcin; Rogowska, M.; Kosson, Ryszard; Drabińska, Natalia; Honke, Joanna

doi:10.1515/pjfns-2016-0029

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Seasonal variation in secondary metabolites has been documented repeatedly in above ground plant tissues (Bowers et al 1992;Carvalho et al 2014;Feeny 1970;Hare 2010;Liimatainen et al 2012;Riipi et al 2002). Several recent studies also demonstrate seasonal variability in secondary metabolites in below ground plant tissue (Ciska et al 2017;Robakowski et al 2016). Our results further support the notion that seasonal variation in defenses is common in below ground plant tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Impact of Seasonal and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Root Defense Metabolites on Herbivore Preference in Taraxacum officinale

et al. 2019

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Plants experience seasonal fluctuations in abiotic and biotic factors such as herbivore attack rates. If and how root defense expression co-varies with seasonal fluctuations in abiotic factors and root herbivore attack rates is not well understood. Here, we evaluated seasonal changes in defensive root latex chemistry of Taraxacum officinale plants in the field and correlated the changes with seasonal fluctuations in abiotic factors and damage potential by Melolontha melolontha, a major natural enemy of T. officinale. We then explored the causality and consequences of these relationships under controlled conditions. The concentration of the defensive sesquiterpene lactone taraxinic acid β-D glucopyranosyl ester (TA-G) varied substantially over the year and was most strongly correlated to mean monthly temperature. Both temperature and TAG levels were correlated with annual fluctuations in potential M. melolontha damage. Under controlled conditions, plants grown under high temperature produced more TAG and were less attractive for M. melolontha. However, temperature-dependent M. melolontha feeding preferences were not significantly altered in TAG deficient transgenic lines. Our results suggest that fluctuations in temperature leads to variation in the production of a root defensive metabolites that co-varies with expected attack of a major root herbivore. Temperature-dependent herbivore preference, however, is likely to be modulated by other phenotypic alterations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Impact of Seasonal and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Root Defense Metabolites on Herbivore Preference in Taraxacum officinale

et al. 2019

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“…Probably in horseradish, the vitamin C was mobilized from the leaves to the roots during leaf senescence (D3) and back at the beginning of plant vegetative re-growth (D5). Variations of the content of other bioactive compounds, as the glucosinolates, throughout plant development of the two accessions tested in this study (Cor and Mon) have been reported by De Maria et al, (2016) and Rivelli et al, (2016a;2016b), as well as by Ciska et al, (2017) in other horseradish landraces.…”

Section: Variation Of Vitamin C Content In Leaves and Rootssupporting

confidence: 74%

Vitamin C content in leaves and roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana): seasonal variation in fresh tissues and retention as affected by storage conditions

et al. 2017

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Since antiquity, horseradish is known as folk medicinal herb and food condiment. The richness in phytochemicals has recently encouraged its use in the medical field and as functional food. In this study, vitamin C content by HPLC analysis in young and mature leaves and roots of two horseradish accessions collected at different developmental stages was evaluated. The effect of freezing and freeze-drying on vitamin C loss after different storage time was also analyzed. The vitamin C content varied in fresh tissues depending on accessions and developmental stages. Roots contained the highest values of vitamin C when plant approximated to senescence (about 80 mg 100 g-1 fw). A great content of vitamin C was found in young leaves during the full developmental stages (up to 350 mg 100 g-1 fw) and in mature ones toward plant senescence (up to 280 mg 100 g-1 fw, respectively). By freezing tissues at ˗20°C, a monthly vitamin C loss of 5% was estimated, while by freezing at ˗80°C the losses did not exceed 6% after 8 months of storage. By freeze-drying tissues, a loss of vitamin C of about 40% was found after 4 months of storage at 4°C. Despite the losses associated with food processing, the residual content of vitamin C in horseradish remains still higher compared to other vegetables.

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“…To investigate this possibility, we performed a series of comparative feeding experiments with myrosinase-deficient and wild type Arabidopsis plants. In nature, P. armoraciae is closely associated with horseradish, Armoracia rusticana , a plant species that is characterized by high levels of allyl glucosinolate ( Li and Kushad, 2004 ; Ciska et al, 2017 ). Therefore, we additionally investigated the influence of plant myrosinase activity on the sequestration of allyl glucosinolate by spiking the intact glucosinolate into Arabidopsis leaves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hijacking the Mustard-Oil Bomb: How a Glucosinolate-Sequestering Flea Beetle Copes With Plant Myrosinases

et al. 2021

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Myrosinase enzymes play a key role in the chemical defense of plants of the order Brassicales. Upon herbivory, myrosinases hydrolyze the β-S-linked glucose moiety of glucosinolates, the characteristic secondary metabolites of brassicaceous plants, which leads to the formation of different toxic hydrolysis products. The specialist flea beetle, Phyllotreta armoraciae, is capable of accumulating high levels of glucosinolates in the body and can thus at least partially avoid plant myrosinase activity. In feeding experiments with the myrosinase-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana tgg1 × tgg2 (tgg) mutant and the corresponding Arabidopsis Col-0 wild type, we investigated the influence of plant myrosinase activity on the metabolic fate of ingested glucosinolates in adult P. armoraciae beetles. Arabidopsis myrosinases hydrolyzed a fraction of ingested glucosinolates and thereby reduced the glucosinolate sequestration rate by up to 50% in adult beetles. These results show that P. armoraciae cannot fully prevent glucosinolate hydrolysis; however, the exposure of adult beetles to glucosinolate hydrolysis products had no impact on the beetle’s energy budget under our experimental conditions. To understand how P. armoraciae can partially prevent glucosinolate hydrolysis, we analyzed the short-term fate of ingested glucosinolates and found them to be rapidly absorbed from the gut. In addition, we determined the fate of ingested Arabidopsis myrosinase enzymes in P. armoraciae. Although we detected Arabidopsis myrosinase protein in the feces, we found only traces of myrosinase activity, suggesting that P. armoraciae can inactivate plant myrosinases in the gut. Based on our findings, we propose that the ability to tolerate plant myrosinase activity and a fast glucosinolate uptake mechanism represent key adaptations of P. armoraciae to their brassicaceous host plants.

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Evaluation of Seasonal Variations in the Glucosinolate Content in Leaves and Roots of Four European Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) Landraces

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Impact of Seasonal and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Root Defense Metabolites on Herbivore Preference in Taraxacum officinale

Impact of Seasonal and Temperature-Dependent Variation in Root Defense Metabolites on Herbivore Preference in Taraxacum officinale

Vitamin C content in leaves and roots of horseradish (Armoracia rusticana): seasonal variation in fresh tissues and retention as affected by storage conditions

Hijacking the Mustard-Oil Bomb: How a Glucosinolate-Sequestering Flea Beetle Copes With Plant Myrosinases

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