Evaluation of salivary electrolytes during estrous cycle in Murrah buffaloes with reference to estrus detection

Abstract

Aim:Timely estrus detection is one of the critical factors for increasing reproductive efficiency in buffaloes. In recent decades, saliva has become a more popular as a noninvasive source for determining physiological status of animals by various biochemical electrolytes. This study was designed to assess and correlate changes in different salivary minerals concentration (calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride) during different stages of the estrous cycle in Murrah buffaloes.Materials and Methods:The saliva samples were collected during the different phases of the estrous cycle from 20 Murrah buffaloes in early morning hours and were assayed using respective minerals assay kits.Results:The concentrations of calcium (8.76±0.08-12.11±0.11 mg/dl), inorganic phosphorus (6.56±0.13-14.72±4.50 mg/dl), magnesium (2.27±0.14-5.79±0.15 mg/dl), sodium (139.47±0.31-159.62±1.22 mmol/L), potassium (12.40±0.22-26.85±1.22 mmol/L), and chloride (109.28±0.41-137.07±0.68 mmol/L) varied during the different phases of estrous cycle. The concentration of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride in saliva were significantly (p<0.01) higher during estrus phase compared to other phases of the estrous cycle. All these minerals were positively and significantly (p<0.0001) related to estrogen concentration while salivary concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chloride showed a significant (p<0.0001) negative correlation with progesterone level in blood plasma.Conclusion:These preliminary findings indicate that there are definite variations in salivary mineral and electrolyte concentrations during different phases of the estrous cycle. These results may be used as an aid for estrus detection/confirmation in buffaloes although validation of the results using a large number of animals is required.

Diagnosis and Surgical correction of salivary affections in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis); a retrospective study

“…The saliva contains essential electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and inorganic phosphorus. Therefore, the loss of saliva during most salivary affections can result in different degrees of dehydration in animals, making fluid therapy resuscitation necessary to avoid hypovolemic shock [ 15 ].…”

Changes in plasma electrolytes, minerals, and hepatic markers of health across the transition period in dairy cows divergent in genetic merit for fertility traits and postpartum anovulatory intervals

“…However, in the current study, the similar Mg concentrations in POS S-PPAI and POS L-PPAI indicate that Mg is not a limiting factor in POS FertBV cows. The Mg concentrations do not change over an estrous cycle in serum or uterine fluid (Alavi-Shoushtari et al, 2012), but do in the saliva of buffalos (Devi et al, 2016). As there were also no differences between POS and NEG cows with long PPAI, it is possible that NEG cows may be responding to the metabolic requirements of estrous differently than POS cows.…”

Endocrine and Electrolyte Balances during Periovulatory Period in Cycling Mares

“…However, although Cl − correlates closely with P4 concentrations during the luteal period in women [ 57 ], these events were not confirmed in mares [ 55 ]. In cows, Cl − levels correlate positively with the diameter of the follicle [ 62 ] and with E2 concentrations in buffalo [ 63 ]. According to Hugentobler et al [ 64 ], metabolic changes at the systemic level affected the follicular fluid, as soon as the electrolyte balance could be closely related to the quality of the oocyte and GCs.…”