Evaluation of Salinity Tolerance of Some Selected Almond Genotypes Budded on GF₆₇₇Rootstock

Abstract

In order to evaluate the tolerance of some almond genotypes to salinity, a factorial experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD), with two factors: genotypes in 11 levels (Tuono, Nonparaeil, Mamaie, Shokoufeh, Sahand, 'Ferragnès,' 1-16, 1-25, A 200 , 13-40 budded on GF 677 rootstock, and GF 677 (without budding)) and irrigation water salinity in five levels (0, 1.2, 2.4, 3.6, and 4.8 g/l of natural salt (equal electrical conductivity 0.5, 2.5, 4.9, 7.3, and 9.8 dS/m, respectively) and with 4 replication for each treatment in research greenhouse of Seed and Plant Institute in years 2013 and 2014. The results showed that with increasing salinity concentration, growth indicators include the branch height, branch diameter, number of total leaves, percentage of green leaves, leaf density on the main branch, leaf area and leaf area ratio, relative humidity content, chlorophyll index, chlorophylls a, b, total, scion fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight have been reduced in the all genotypes studied, but percentage of necrotic leaves, percentage of downfall leaves, root fresh and dry weight ratio to scion fresh and dry weight, relative ionic percentage, and cell membrane injury percentage of leaves were increased. The results of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that salinity stress affected on the young trees by increasing the amount of minimum fluorescence (F O) and decreasing the maximum fluorescence (F m) and reduced variable fluorescence (F v) in the plants and reduced variable fluorescence ratio to maximum fluorescence of 0.83 in the control plants to 0.72 in Sahand cultivar and GF 677 rootstock. The result showed that type of scion was affected in obstruction of Na + absorption by the roots and their transported to leaves, as well as was affected in increasing uptake of K + by the roots and their transported to leaves. In this research, GF 677 is well tolerated to water salinity to 4.9 dS/m but with higher range of salinity showed stress effects. The result showed that type of genotypes budded on GF 677 rootstock was very effective in tolerant to salinity. Overall, 'Ferragnès' was recognized as the most tolerant cultivar to salinity stress. This cultivar could tolerate salinity 3.6 g/l (Ec: 7.3 dS/m). Also, Sahand was recognized as the most sensitive cultivar to salinity stress.

Breeding Climate-Resilient Bananas

“…The main goal of peach rootstock programs is to select multi-tolerant rootstocks adapted to different soil and environment conditions and graft-compatible with peach scions. Numerous studies in rootstocks have evaluated abiotic stress tolerance to: drought (Jiménez et al 2013;Bielsa et al 2016); flooding/soaking (Amador et al 2012;Arismendi et al 2015), elevated temperature and elevated CO 2 (Dridi 2012;Bedis et al 2017;Jiménez et al 2020), iron deficiency (Jiménez et al 2008(Jiménez et al , 2011Gonzalo et al 2011Gonzalo et al , 2012 and salinity (Momenpour et al 2018), among others. Three types of indicators for stress tolerance are commonly used: morphological (root/shoot weight ratio, leaf area, etc.…”

The technology of improving almond planting material tolerance to the salt stresses of soils based on experience in phytotron

“…The salinization of soils and irrigation waters is known to be able to decrease the indices of many fruit trees productivity and growth [4,5]. Bitter almond is also sensitive to salinization [6,7]. But the influence of salinization on the initial stages of bitter almond growth and its tolerance is underinvestigated up to the present.…”