Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of inactivated whole culture contagious caprine pleuropneumonia trial vaccine in National Veterinary Institute, Ethiopia

Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is a fatal disease of goats occurring in many countries ofAfrica and Asia where the total goat population is more than 500 million. Vaccination is the most cost effective technique in the control of CCPP than any other control measures. In National Veterinary Institute (NVI) inactivated mycoplasma protein based vaccine obtained by centrifugation has been in use since many years. This study focuses on evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated whole culture CCPP vaccine currently developed in the NVI. Twenty six Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) antibody free goats were used to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated whole culture CCPP trial vaccine. The trial vaccine was prepared from culture of Mccp vaccinal seed grown in Mycoplasma specific hayflick media using spinner bottle. The protein content for one milliliter of whole culture was checked and found to be more than the minimum recommended dose (0.15 mg per dose). The culture was inactivated by 37% formalin at proportion of 0.5% of whole culture and adjuvanted by saponin at final concentration of 0.3%. The experimental animals were distributed into four groups: The group A consist of five goats for safety and all the other groups consists of seven animals each with group B for trial vaccine, group C for positive control and group D for negative control for immunogenicity trials. The goats were observed for two months for safety and immunogenicity evaluation during which serum samples were collected for immunogenicity and tested by using competitive Enzyme Linked immunosorbent Assay (cELISA) test. The results indicated that out of 7 goats vaccinated with trial vaccine, the mean sero-positivity was 60.71% while 7 goats vaccinated with the positive control showed mean sero-positivity of 58.86%. The analysis showed no significant difference between mean sero positivity of trial vaccine and positive control (P>0.05) as indicated by sero-conversion. The mean percent inhibition (PI) of trial inactivated whole culture CCPP vaccine vaccinated goats was 61.52% while the mean PI for positive control vaccine vaccinated group was 51.86%. In contrast the non-vaccinated controls showed mean PI of 40.65% which is significantly less than percent inhibition of the vaccinated groups (p=0.000). The body temperature and clinical observation of safety tested animals and other immunogenicity tested goats showed absence of any abnormality after vaccination both in vaccinated and controls. This study which was novel in its nature concluded that the trial inactivated whole culture ccpp vaccine is equally immunogenic as that vaccine already in use, the non-whole culture concentrated CCPP vaccine, and could be used for mass vaccination after conducting field immunogenicity trial.

Development and Evaluation of an Immuno-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Quantify the Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) Protein in Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) Vaccine

“…Each passage was done with inoculation at a ratio of 1 : 10. Each culture passage passed to the next stage if the desired pH of 6.65-6.95 was obtained, as previously described [22], and if the culture was free from any bacterial contamination. Harvesting of the culture was carried out according to a previously described protocol [23] with a slight modification.…”

Immune and Oxidative Response against Sonicated Antigen of Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumonia—A Causative Agent of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

“…An appropriate antigen-adjuvant produces an adequate immune response, and thus, a sufficient antibody titer. The higher antibody titer in the group vaccinated with the saponin-adjuvanted and-sonicated antigen might be due to both the availability of more epitopes for immune response in the sonicated antigen containing internal and external constituents of Mccp cells, which were produced after the disruption of Mccp cells by sonication, and the humoral immune response activity of the saponin adjuvants [18,30,54]. The number of vaccinations also determines the antibody titers [55].…”

Development and Evaluation of Epitope-Blocking ELISA for Detection of Antibodies against Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goat Sera

“…The Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp) antigen was produced from the Mccp F-38 vaccine strain [12] from the AU-PANVAC (Debrezeit, Ethiopia) vaccine seed repository as per the protocol previously described [13] with slight modifications. Briefly, the CCPP vaccine seed was reconstituted in 5 mL of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) broth (Difco, Sparks, MD, USA) without serum and filtered through a 0.45-µm syringe filter.…”