Evaluation of safety and human tolerance of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

Burton, Jeremy P.; Cowley, Samuel; Simon, Ryan; McKinney, Jason D.; Wescombe, Philip A.; Tagg, John

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.038

Cited by 79 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It has been used commercially as a probiotic for more than a decade and has numerous studies supporting its safety (3,4,5). S. salivarius strains have been reported to inhibit the biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (13,19,28), and Streptococcus salivarius K12 has been shown to have the ability to inhibit various potentially deleterious upper respiratory tract bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae (13,31), and decrease oral malodor (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on the In Vitro Growth of Candida albicans and Its Protective Effect in an Oral Candidiasis Model

Ishijima

Hayama

Burton

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACTOral candidiasis is often accompanied by severe inflammation, resulting in a decline in the quality of life of immunosuppressed individuals and elderly people. To develop a new oral therapeutic option for candidiasis, a nonpathogenic commensal oral probiotic microorganism,Streptococcus salivariusK12, was evaluated for its ability to modulateCandida albicansgrowthin vitro, and its therapeutic activity in an experimental oral candidiasis model was tested.In vitroinhibition of mycelial growth ofC. albicanswas determined by plate assay and fluorescence microscopy. Addition ofS. salivariusK12 to modified RPMI 1640 culture medium inhibited the adherence ofC. albicansto the plastic petri dish in a dose-dependent manner. Preculture ofS. salivariusK12 potentiated its inhibitory activity for adherence ofC. albicans. Interestingly,S. salivariusK12 was not directly fungicidal but appeared to inhibitCandidaadhesion to the substratum by preferentially binding to hyphae rather than yeast. To determine the potentially anti-infective attributes ofS. salivariusK12 in oral candidiasis, the probiotic was administered to mice with orally induced candidiasis. Oral treatment withS. salivariusK12 significantly protected the mice from severe candidiasis. These findings suggest thatS. salivariusK12 may inhibit the process of invasion ofC. albicansinto mucous surfaces or its adhesion to denture acrylic resins by mechanisms not associated with the antimicrobial activity of the bacteriocin.S. salivariusK12 may be useful as a probiotic as a protective tool for oral care, especially with regard to candidiasis.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on the In Vitro Growth of Candida albicans and Its Protective Effect in an Oral Candidiasis Model

Ishijima

Hayama

Burton

et al. 2012

Appl Environ Microbiol

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous work has also demonstrated that S. salivarius is capable of surviving in combination with Lactobacillus at pH values comparable to those in the vagina (21). Importantly, S. salivarius K12 has also been found safe and well tolerated as an oral probiotic in a human, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial (7). Taken together, these data support that S. salivarius K12 is capable of persisting within the human vaginal tract and may serve as a beneficial microbe in this environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…S. salivarius is an early and prolific colonizer of the human oropharyngeal tract, and certain strains have been recently developed for use as oral probiotics due to their production of a diverse assortment of bacteriocins having inhibitory activity that is especially directed against members of other Streptococcus species, including causative agents of strep throat and otitis media (6,7). Several of these bacteriocins are encoded by megaplasmids which have demonstrated mobility to other S. salivarius strains in vivo (8).…”

Section: S Treptococcus Agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus [Gbs]) Is Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus salivarius K12 Limits Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Patras

Wescombe²,

Rösler

et al. 2015

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

c Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) colonizes the rectovaginal tract in 20% to 30% of women and during pregnancy can be transmitted to the newborn, causing severe invasive disease. Current routine screening and antibiotic prophylaxis have fallen short of complete prevention of GBS transmission, and GBS remains a leading cause of neonatal infection. We have investigated the ability of Streptococcus salivarius, a predominant member of the native human oral microbiota, to control GBS colonization. Comparison of the antibacterial activities of multiple S. salivarius strains by use of a deferred-antagonism test showed that S. salivarius strain K12 exhibited the broadest spectrum of activity against GBS. K12 effectively inhibited all GBS strains tested, including disease-implicated isolates from newborns and colonizing isolates from the vaginal tract of pregnant women. Inhibition was dependent on the presence of megaplasmid pSsal-K12, which encodes the bacteriocins salivaricin A and salivaricin B; however, in coculture experiments, GBS growth was impeded by K12 independently of the megaplasmid. We also demonstrated that K12 adheres to and invades human vaginal epithelial cells at levels comparable to GBS. Inhibitory activity of K12 was examined in vivo using a mouse model of GBS vaginal colonization. Mice colonized with GBS were treated vaginally with K12. K12 administration significantly reduced GBS vaginal colonization in comparison to nontreated controls, and this effect was partially dependent on the K12 megaplasmid. Our results suggest that K12 may have potential as a preventative therapy to control GBS vaginal colonization and thereby prevent its transmission to the neonate during pregnancy. S treptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus [GBS]) is aGram-positive organism that is currently the leading infectious agent responsible for neonatal morbidity and mortality in the United States (1). The primary risk factor for newborn disease is maternal GBS colonization within the gastrointestinal or vaginal tract (1). GBS colonization of the vaginal tract during pregnancy may be constant, intermittent, or transient in nature among individual women (2). In lieu of an effective vaccine, the current recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention include late-gestational screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) for GBS-positive mothers, which has resulted in reduced early-onset GBS disease and infant colonization (1). However, IAP with ampicillin for GBS-positive mothers has been determined an independent risk factor for ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli early-onset sepsis (3) and has recently been shown to reduce beneficial Bifidobacterium spp. in week-old newborn intestinal flora (4). There are likely to be other unrecognized negative effects of antibiotic exposure on long-term gut health, which prompts development of alternative prophylactic strategies. Several studies have proposed the use of probiotic strains to control GBS and have observed inhibitory acti...

show abstract

“…Some of the reported adverse effects include fl atulence or mild abdominal discomfort. A few studies have addressed this issue as a primary outcome and no adverse effects have been found either in animal models (Tanzer et al 2010 ) or in humans (Burton et al 2011 ). The acidogenicity of lactobacilli could lead to increased risk of caries, and hence, acidogenicity (Pham et al 2009 ) and sugar fermentation (Haukioja et al 2008 ;Hedberg et al 2008 ) of probiotic strains have been studied in vitro .…”

Section: Vehicles Dose and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Probiotics in Future Prevention and Treatment of Oral Infections

Jørgensen

Keller

2015

Oral Infections and General Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The interest for probiotic bacteria to combat biofi lm-related diseases in the oral cavity has arisen during the last decade. The probiotic concept has successfully been used to control gastrointestinal diseases, such as antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and acute infectious diarrhoea. The potential mechanisms of action in the oral cavity are not fully understood, but there are thoughts to be a local effect in the mouth and systemic effect through immune regulation. The purpose of this chapter is to summarise our current knowledge of the potential for probiotics to improve oral and dental health and to discuss its potential in the future prevention of oral diseases. Despite some limitations, the currently available clinical studies appear expectant, and there seem to be evidence of probiotics to improve oral conditions such as dental caries, periodontitis and the colonisation of Candida . However, more long-term clinical studies are needed before evidence-based guidelines can be released.

show abstract

Evaluation of safety and human tolerance of the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on the In Vitro Growth of Candida albicans and Its Protective Effect in an Oral Candidiasis Model

Effect of Streptococcus salivarius K12 on the In Vitro Growth of Candida albicans and Its Protective Effect in an Oral Candidiasis Model

Streptococcus salivarius K12 Limits Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Use of Probiotics in Future Prevention and Treatment of Oral Infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About