Evaluation of S1RBD-Specific IgG Antibody Responses following COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Professionals in Cyprus: A Comparative Look between the Vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech and AstraZeneca

Deeba, Elie; Krashias, George; Constantinou, Astero; Koptides, Dana; Lambrianides, Anastasia; Christodoulou, Christina

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10050967

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In contrast, three months after the two homologous vaccine doses the antibody levels waned more rapidly in the BNT162b2 recipients when compared to the ChAdOx1 vaccinated individuals. Similar trends were observed among the HCWs vaccinated with the BNT126b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccine in Cyprus [18]. Our results are also in line with a large-population-based analysis by Wei et al, who demonstrated that following the homologous BNT162b2 vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG antibodies titres were higher but waned faster over time in comparison to vector vaccination [19,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland

et al. 2023

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Children are among the best vectors to spread respiratory viruses, including emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 due to the asymptomatic or relatively mild course of infection and simultaneously high titres of pathogens in the respiratory tract. Therefore, individuals who have constant contact with children, e.g., teachers should be vaccinated against COVID-19 as essential workers within the first phases of a vaccination campaign. In Poland, primary and secondary school teachers were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 from February 2021 with a three month interval between the two doses, while lecturers at medical universities, who are simultaneously healthcare workers, received the BNT126b2 vaccine from December 2020 with three weeks between the first and second doses. The aim of this study was to compare the antibody responses at two weeks and three months after vaccination and to estimate the vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 among infection-naïve teachers vaccinated with mRNA and a vector vaccine. We found that the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies were significantly higher among the lecturers but antibody waning was slower among the schoolteachers. However, those vaccinated with ChAdOx1 complained significantly more often of vaccine side effects. In addition, during the three months after the second vaccine dose no study participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The BNT126b2 vaccine gave higher antibody titres in comparison with ChAdOx1 but protection against COVID-19 in both cases was similar. Moreover, we did not find any anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein antibodies at two weeks as well as at three months after vaccination among the study participants, which shows a very high vaccine effectiveness in the occupational group with a high SARS-CoV-2-infection risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland

et al. 2023

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“…From this summary, we extracted only IgG S1-RBD measures and excluded viral vector vaccine responses as those appeared to differ from mRNA and recombinant protein vaccine responses. This left five studies that provided a peak IgG S1-RBD range of 1372-2744 BAU/mL post-vaccination [22,27,28,30,31]. We observed that the peak IgG S1-RBD response measured in our healthcare worker cohort, 2266 BAU/mL (Figure 1), for infection-naive individuals at baseline, falls within this range.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Antibody Levels In Immunocompetent Individualsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Serological Testing and Defining a Correlate of Protection

Sobhani,

Cheng,

Binder

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Herein, we review established clinical use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody measures, which include diagnosis of recent prior infection, isolating high titer convalescent plasma, diagnosing multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and booster dosing in the immunosuppressed and other populations. We then address whether an antibody correlate of protection (CoP) for SARS-CoV-2 has been successfully defined with the following considerations: Antibody responses in the immunocompetent, vaccine type, variants, use of binding antibody tests vs. neutralization tests, and endpoint measures. In the transition from the COVID-19 pandemic to endemic, there has been much interest in defining an antibody CoP. Due to the high mutability of respiratory viruses and our current knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 variants defining a CoP for prevention of infection is unrealistic. However, a CoP may be defined for prevention of severe disease requiring hospitalization and/or death. Most SARS-CoV-2 CoP research has focused on neutralization measurements. However, there can be significant differences in neutralization test methods, and disparate responses to new variants depending on format. Furthermore, neutralization assays are often impractical for high throughput applications (e.g., assessing humoral immune response in populations or large cohorts). Nevertheless, CoP studies using neutralization measures are reviewed to determine where there is consensus. Alternatively, binding antibody tests could be used to define a CoP. Binding antibody assays tend to be highly automatable, high throughput, and therefore practical for large population applications. Again, we review studies for consensus on binding antibody responses to vaccines, focusing on standardized results. Binding antibodies directed against the S1 receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) of the viral spike protein can provide a practical, indirect measure of neutralization. Initially, a response for S1-RBD antibodies may be selected that reflects the peak response in immunocompetent populations and may serve as a target for booster dosing in the immunocompromised. From existing studies reporting peak S1-RBD responses in standardized units, an approximate range of 1372–2744 BAU/mL for mRNA and recombinant protein vaccines was extracted that could serve as an initial CoP target. This target would need to be confirmed and potentially adjusted for updated vaccines, and almost certainly for other vaccine formats (i.e., viral vector). Alternatively, a threshold or response could be defined based on outcomes over time (i.e., prevention of severe disease). We also discuss the precedent for clinical measurement of antibodies for vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g., hepatitis B). Lastly, cellular immunity is briefly addressed for its importance in the nature and durability of protection.

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Evaluation of S1RBD-Specific IgG Antibody Responses following COVID-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Professionals in Cyprus: A Comparative Look between the Vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech and AstraZeneca

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland

Differences in BNT126b2 and ChAdOx1 Homologous Vaccination Antibody Response among Teachers in Poznan, Poland

Clinical Utility of SARS-CoV-2 Serological Testing and Defining a Correlate of Protection

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