Evaluation of ruminal motility using an indwelling 3-axis accelerometer in the reticulum in cattle

Abstract

Attempts to increase production and improve farm environments have been made for several years. Rumen motility (RM) is one of the biological parameters that provides essential information of individuals in ruminants, and it is usually evaluated by auscultation. The study was aimed to examine RM using the 3-axis accelerometer (3XA) in cattle. The manufactured 3XA were placed in the reticulum (3XA-R) and implanted in the subcutaneous layer of the brisket (3XA-SC), respectively, and the accelerations were compared following intramuscular injection of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) or saline in experiment 1 and of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg) or atropine (0.04 mg/kg) in experiment 2. In experiment 3, the dose-dependent decrease of RM was evaluated following xylazine administration (0, 0.05, 0.1 mg/kg) in the 3XA-R equipped cows via a 3x3 Latin square method. In experiment 1, saline-treated animals showed a continuous fluctuation while the frequency and amplitude of 3XA-R in xylazine-injected cows were reduced after administration. The acceleration of 3XA-SC was changed after administration, but not abruptly. Among the motion parameters, V2 was calculated only using X-and Z-axis acceleration in consideration of the cylindrical shape, and it showed the apparent difference between pre-and post-xylazine administration. In experiment 2, the V2 of 3XA-R was decreased after atropine administration while that of 3XA-SC was maintained. In experiment 3, a dose-dependent V2 decrement of 3XA-R after xylazine administration was observed and lasted for 40 and 80 min in doses of 0.05 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, The 3XA detected the decrease in RM efficiently and processed the data wirelessly without interference from body movement. This technology will help detect problems early and prevent a decline in cattle productivity.

Increased Ruminoreticular Temperature and Body Activity after Foot-and-Mouth Vaccination in Pregnant Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) Cows

“…The ruminoreticular temperature and body activity were measured with the biocapsule sensor for 30 days after vaccination. Information on the biocapsule sensor (LiveCare; uLikeKorea, Seoul, Korea) used to measure ruminoreticular temperature and measurement of body activity can be found in the work of Kim and Choi et al [15][16][17]. Body activity (V) is expressed as the root value of the sum of X 2 + Y 2 + Z 2 measured with an indwelling 3-axis accelerometer (X, Y, and Z).…”

“…Body activity (V) is expressed as the root value of the sum of X 2 + Y 2 + Z 2 measured with an indwelling 3-axis accelerometer (X, Y, and Z). Detailed information on this technique has been reported [17].…”

Change of Ruminoreticular Temperature and Body Activity before and after Parturition in Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) Cows

“…The sensor is 125 mm long, 36 mm in diameter, and weighs 200 g with a battery. The method of collecting ruminoreticular temperatures through biosensors can be found in Kim and Choi et al [ 9 , 10 ]. Body activity (V) is expressed as the following using an indwelling 3-axis (X, Y and Z) accelerometer.…”

“…Body activity (V) is expressed as the following using an indwelling 3-axis (X, Y and Z) accelerometer. Detailed information has been reported [ 10 ].…”

Induction of hypocalcaemia and evaluation of reticuloruminal motility using a three-axis accelerometer

“…Among them, the implanted electrodes recorded the contraction patterns of the smooth muscle to analyse the myoelectrical activities of the reticulo-rumen in sheep, and they enabled wireless electromyography (EMG) telemetry registration (Wierzbicka et al 2021). In contrast, a bolustype accelerometer in the reticulum and a force transducer on the ruminal sac could detect both the frequency and amplitude of rumen motility accurately and effectively (Arai et al 2019;Hamilton et al 2019;Choi et al 2020).…”