Evaluation of Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease in Elderly East Africans

Kalaria, Rajesh N.; Ogeng’o, Julius A; Patel, Nilesh B.; Sayi, Jane; Kitinya, James; Chande, H.; Matuja, William; Mtui, Estomih; Kimani, Joshua; Premkumar, Daniel R.; Koss, Elisabeth; Gatere, S.; Friedland, Robert P.

doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00310-9

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Environmental factors reported to be associated with dementia in SSA include the following: increasing age, female sex, positive history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, low level of education, diet, depressive symptoms, and low body mass index [8, 9, 27, 29, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 47, 54]. In an IIDP study, a comparison of smoking history and mean body mass index (BMI) showed that these factors were significantly higher in African-Americans than in the Yoruba suggesting that environmental factors play a significant role in the development of Alzheimer's dementia [23].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Dementia among the Elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa

Olayinka

Mbuyi

2014

International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

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Objectives. To review epidemiologic studies on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of dementia in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods. A MEDLINE search (from January 1992 to December 31, 2013) of epidemiologic studies, with no language restriction, was conducted using the keywords “dementia” or “Alzheimer's” and “Africa.” We selected for review population and hospital-based studies that reported the prevalence, incidence, or risk factors of dementia in SSA in people aged 60 years and above. References of selected articles were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles that met our selection criteria. Results. Of a total of 522 articles, 41 were selected and reviewed. The reported prevalence of dementia in SSA varied widely (range: 2.29%–21.60%); Alzheimer's disease was the most prevalent type of dementia. Only two studies conducted in Nigeria reported incidence data. Major risk factors identified include older age, female gender, cardiovascular disease, and illiteracy. Conclusion. Data on the epidemiology of dementia in SSA is limited. While earlier studies reported a lower prevalence of dementia in older persons, recent studies have put these findings into question suggesting that dementia prevalence rates in SSA in fact parallel data from Western countries.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Dementia among the Elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa

Olayinka

Mbuyi

2014

International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

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“…20 21 Surprisingly, the association of APOE e4 and Alzheimer's disease has not been found in sub-Saharan populations of African heritage. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The Indianapolis-Ibadan dementia project-a longitudinal population based study-clearly showed the striking difference in the incidence of Alzheimer's disease and dementia between African Americans in a developed community and black Africans in a developing community. 23 25 This led Corbo and Scacchi 15 to propose that the exposure of the APOE e4 gene to contemporary environmental conditions (for example, Western diets, longer life spans) may have rendered APOE e4 a susceptible allele to influence coronary artery disease and Alzheimer's disease.…”

Section: Genetic Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic vulnerability following traumatic brain injury: the role of apolipoprotein E

Nathoo

Chetty

Dellen

et al. 2003

Molecular Pathology

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Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is thought to be responsible for the transportation of lipids within the brain, maintaining structural integrity of the microtubule within the neurone, and assisting with neural transmission. Possession of the APOE epsilon4 allele has also been shown to influence neuropathological findings in patients who die from traumatic brain injury, including the accumulation of amyloid beta protein. Previous clinical studies reporting varying outcome severities of traumatic brain injury, including cognitive and functional recovery, all support the notion that APOE epsilon4 allele possession is associated with an unfavourable outcome. Evidence from experimental and clinical brain injury studies confirms that APOE plays an important role in the response of the brain to injury.

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“…In the cited experiment, plasma from individuals with APOE ε4 but not APOE ε3 inhibited the growth and disrupted the morphology of the intraerythrocytic stage of Plasmodium falciparum species [87]. Nevertheless, APOE ε4 showed a lack of association with AD among Yoruba Nigerians [88] and Kikuyus of East Africa [89]. More recent longitudinal data, however, from an enriched cohort of the Yoruba subjects demonstrated significant association between APO ε4 homozygosity and AD (p = 0.0002) and a weak association between one allele and incident AD and cognitive decline [90].…”

Section: Perspectives On What Is Knownmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenomics in Africa: Perspectives, progress, possibilities and priorities

Akinyemi

Owolabi

Oyeniyi

et al. 2016

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

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The understanding of the genetic basis of neurological disorders has grown rapidly in the last two decades. Despite the genomic heterogeneity within African populations, large-scale candidate gene or linkage and exome studies are lacking. However, current knowledge on neurogenetics in African populations is limited and geographically very uneven. Isolated reports indicate the existence of autosomal dominant or recessive conditions incorporating cerebrovascular, movement, neuromuscular, seizure and motor neuron disorders in Africans. In addition, few African families with neurodegenerative disorders associated with dementia have been characterized in North, West and South Africa. The current insurgency in genomic research triggered by among others the Human Health and Heredity (H3) Africa Initiative indicates that there are unique opportunities to advance our knowledge and understanding of the influence of genomic variation on the pattern, presentations and prognosis of neurological disorders in Africa. These have enormous potential to unmask novel genes and molecular pathways germane to the neurobiology of brain disorders. It would facilitate the development of novel diagnostics, preventative and targeted treatments in the new paradigm of precision medicine. Nevertheless, it is crucial to strike a balance between effective traditional public health strategies and personalized genome based care. The translational barriers can be overcome through robust stakeholder engagement and sustainable multilevel, multigenerational and multidisciplinary capacity building and infrastructural development for genomic medicine in Africa.

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Evaluation of Risk Factors for Alzheimer’s Disease in Elderly East Africans

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Epidemiology of Dementia among the Elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa

Epidemiology of Dementia among the Elderly in Sub-Saharan Africa

Genetic vulnerability following traumatic brain injury: the role of apolipoprotein E

Neurogenomics in Africa: Perspectives, progress, possibilities and priorities

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