Evaluation of retinal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography in patients with generalized anxiety disorder

Ozisik, Gulce Gokgoz; Kiraz, Seda

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103766

Cited by 1 publication

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our study findings were consistent with that study. 46 The above-mentioned study demonstrated that psychological stress is a risk factor for central serous chorioretinopathy (SSCR) and the etiology of SSCR could be explained by high endogenous cortisol, epinephrine, catecholamines, and increased sympathetic activity with exogenous cortisol. In retinal diseases such as SSCR, which were associated with anxiety, increased sympathetic activity and changes in catecholamine could affect the retina.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in sympathetic activity and catecholamine changes involved in the etiology of retinal diseases such as SSCR, which were associated with anxiety, could provide insight into the etiology of anxiety disorder and treatment methods. 46 Recent studies reported thinning of the retinal structures in patients with psychiatric disorders. These studies demonstrated that these changes were associated with the severity and duration of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Confounding conditions such as medications, smoking, nutrition, and exercise were not excluded as possible explanations of the study findings. Nevertheless, the present study is one of the few research in the literature where GAD patients were evaluated with OCT. 46…”

Section: Study Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retinal changes in generalized anxiety disorder patients

Baykara,

Kazğan,

Yıldırım

et al. 2023

Int J Psychiatry Med

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Objective Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a method that allows high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of biological tissues. It was suggested that changes in the cranial structure or functions would be reflected in the retina. OCT has been an important method in the diagnosis and follow-up of diseases via morphometric or quantitative retinal measurements. Free radicals, inflammatory processes, and neurotransmission disorders play a role in the etiology of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The study aimed to demonstrate the retinal changes in GAD patients due to neurodegeneration based on the comparison of the OCT data of the GAD patients and controls, and the differences between OCT findings of GAD patients and those of controls. Methods The study group included 21 GAD patients. The control group included 21 individuals without any known psychiatric or organic disease, including eye diseases. Results There was a statistically significant difference between the macular volumes (MV) of the GAD and control groups, the macular volume was lower in the GAD group. There were positive correlations between BDI scores and MV, GCLT, RNFLT-i, RNFLT-n, between BAE scores and (RNFLT-n), and between the CGI severity scale scores and MV, RNFLT-n, and RNFLT-t. Conclusion OCT analysis of the GAD patients demonstrated that MV values were lower when compared to the control group. Patients with GAD should be screened for these retinal changes. OCT, a simple, non-invasive, and relatively inexpensive method could be employed as a supplementary method in the follow-up of GAD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%