Evaluation of resource recovery from waste incineration residues – The case of zinc

Fellner, Johann; Lederer, Jakob; Purgar, Amon; Winterstetter, Andrea; Rechberger, Helmut; Winter, Franz; Laner, David

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.010

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In a recent study the cost for landfill of untreated municipal waste incineration fly ash of 220.-EUR/t was used, whereas landfill of inert fly ash after leaching was said to be 36.-EUR/t [14]. In another study nearly ten years ago the cost for landfill of electric arc furnace dust of 125.-EUR/t was used, whereas landfill from processes with an inert mixture of dust of this kind together with cement were said to be 20.-EUR/t [15].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feasibility of Air Classification of Dusts from the Iron and Steel Industry

Lanzerstorfer¹,

Angerbauer²,

Gaßlbauer³

et al. 2017

World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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-In this paper, the feasibility of air classification of dusts from iron and steel production for improved recycling is investigated. By air classification a dust can be separated into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction. According to literature data some components which are usually unwanted in recycled material like alkali chlorides and the heavy metals Zn and Pb are enriched in the fine dust fraction. Therefore, air classification of dust before recycling would allow recycling of an increased amount of dust and reduce landfill. However, the benefits have to be measured against the cost of air classification. In order to be able to study the feasibility of such treatment the investment costs and the operating costs of a classification facility were calculated for three different dust treatment capacities. The results show that the three main factors affecting the feasibility of such a treatment are the capacity of the unit, the cost of landfill of the respective dust and the fraction of dust which can be recycled after the treatment. A cost curve per ton of processed dust is presented and shown for annual capacities of 2.370, 7.000 and 23.000 t. For the higher capacities it is shown that good feasibility is probable even if rather low landfill costs are assumed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Feasibility of Air Classification of Dusts from the Iron and Steel Industry

Lanzerstorfer¹,

Angerbauer²,

Gaßlbauer³

et al. 2017

World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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“…In the power-conducted plant the concentration in the fly ash is lower because also the reaction products from flue gas cleaning are contained in this fraction and cause a dilution. Concentrations of Zn in fly ash of electrostatic precipitators (ESP) in WtE plants can be as high as 42,000 mg/kg [38]. Zinc can be recovered from the ash with the hydrochloric acid (HCl) which is produced in the first step of a wet flue gas cleaning system (see Figure 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this scenario, HCl utilization from wet flue gas cleaning system and high concentrations in ESP fly ash, the production cost of Zn is in the range of the market price. With dry or semidry flue gas cleaning systems, the production cost of secondary Zn is higher than the market price by a factor of up to 10 [38,39]. Zn recovery from fly ash is applied in Switzerland although the process is hardly economical [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With dry or semidry flue gas cleaning systems, the production cost of secondary Zn is higher than the market price by a factor of up to 10 [38,39]. Zn recovery from fly ash is applied in Switzerland although the process is hardly economical [38]. Obviously, the goals of conservation of resources and waste disposal in regional responsibility (see sustainability targets (2) and (3) above) are there considered as high priority.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for the Evaluation of Waste Treatment Processes

Gehrmann

Hiebel

Simon

2017

Journal of Engineering

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Decision makers for waste management are confronted with the problem of selecting the most economic, environmental, and socially acceptable waste treatment process. This paper elucidates evaluation methods for waste treatment processes for the comparison of ecological and economic aspects such as material flow analysis, statistical entropy analysis, energetic and exergetic assessment, cumulative energy demand, and life cycle assessment. The work is based on the VDI guideline 3925. A comparison of two thermal waste treatment plants with different process designs and energy recovery systems was performed with the described evaluation methods. The results are mainly influenced by the type of energy recovery, where the waste-to-energy plant providing district heat and process steam emerged to be beneficial in most aspects. Material recovery options from waste incineration were evaluated according to sustainability targets, such as saving of resources and environmental protection.

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“…Zhu, 2014), we believe that an even higher resolution and spatial sensitivity is needed to fully assess the economic and technological conditions for urban mining, and to determine a secondary reserve's economic potential. Such knowledge is much needed to facilitate the required extraction effort and the implementation of urban mining schemes, and has been suggested by previous research on resource recovery from for example landfills (Frändegård et al 2015) and waste incineration residues (Fellner et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The economic conditions for urban infrastructure mining: Using GIS to prospect hibernating copper stocks

Wallsten

Magnusson

Krook

2015

Resources, Conservation and Recycling

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In this article, we suggest a methodology that combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and material flow analysis (MFA) into a secondary reserve-prospecting tool. The approach is two-phased and couples spatially informed size estimates of urban metal stocks (phase 1) to the equally spatially contingent efforts required to extract them (phase 2). Too often, even the most advanced MFA assessments stop at the first of these two phases, meaning that essential information needed to facilitate resource recovery, i.e. urban mining, is missing from their results. To take MFA one step further, our approach is characterized by a high resolution that connects the analysis of the stock to the social practices that arrange material flows in the city, thereby enabling an assessment of the economic conditions for secondary resource recovery. To exemplify, we provide a case study of the hibernation stock of copper found in disconnected power cables in Linköping, Sweden. Since 1970, 123 tonnes of copper or ≈1 kg per person have accumulated underneath the city, predominantly in old, central parts of the city and industrial areas. While shorter cables are more numerous than long ones, the longer ones contribute to a larger share of the stock weight. Resource recovery in specific projects reliant on digging comes at great costs, but integrating it as an added value to ordinary maintenance operations render eight locations and 2.2 tonnes of copper (2% of the stock) profitable to extract. Compared to the budget sizes of regular maintenance projects, a significant share of the stock comes with relatively small economic losses. Therefore, we suggest integrated resource recovery and regular maintenance as an interesting environmental measure for any infrastructure provider to engage with. 2

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Evaluation of resource recovery from waste incineration residues – The case of zinc

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

The Feasibility of Air Classification of Dusts from the Iron and Steel Industry

The Feasibility of Air Classification of Dusts from the Iron and Steel Industry

Methods for the Evaluation of Waste Treatment Processes

The economic conditions for urban infrastructure mining: Using GIS to prospect hibernating copper stocks

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