Evaluation of Resilient Modulus and Rutting for Warm Asphalt Mixtures: A Local Study in Iraq

Hilal, Miami M.; Fattah, Mohammed Y.

doi:10.3390/app122412841

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…It is important to note that while the M R of the subgrade soil was the main parameter investigated in this study, other properties of the asphalt layers can significantly influence rutting. For example, increasing the air voids from 4% to 7% has been shown to decrease stiffness and fatigue life by 25% and 69%, respectively [ 25 ], and the resilient modulus of warm-mix-asphalt has been shown to be lower than for hot-mix-asphalt [ 26 ]. Additionally, changing Poisson’s ratio and resilient modulus for asphalt aggregate base may have a greater effect on pavement deformation [ 27 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Flexible Pavement Distress and IRI Considering Subgrade Resilient Modulus of Fine-Grained Soils Using MEPDG

Islam

Gassman

2023

Materials

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This paper highlights the subgrade resilient modulus (MR), which is recognized as an important parameter to characterize the stiffness of the subgrade soil for designing flexible pavement. In this study, 18 thin-walled Shelby tube samples of fine-grained subgrade soils were collected from two sites in South Carolina (Laurens/SC-72 and Pickens/SC-93) and tested in the laboratory using AASHTO T307-99 to obtain the MR. In addition, falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests were performed on the same pavement sections to obtain the back-calculated MR(FWD) per the AASHTOWare 2017 back-calculation tool. A subgrade MR catalog was established and used to select hierarchical Input Level 2 for Pavement Mechanistic-Empirical design (PMED) analysis (v 2.6.1). The PMED analysis was run for 20 years. The Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) and global calibration values were used to predict asphalt concrete (AC) pavement distresses (e.g., rutting, bottom-up fatigue, top-down fatigue, and transverse cracking) and International Roughness Index (IRI) for each pavement section. The predicted values were compared to the field-measured values to determine bias and the standard error of the estimate to validate each distress prediction model for local calibration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Flexible Pavement Distress and IRI Considering Subgrade Resilient Modulus of Fine-Grained Soils Using MEPDG

Islam

Gassman

2023

Materials

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“…Also, the other important weakness of half-warm asphalt mixtures, including LEA, is the high sensitivity of these asphalt mixtures against rutting. Due to the low mixing and compaction temperatures, the asphalt binder faces less aging, so this mixture is softer compared to HMA and has less rutting resistance [14]. Rutting or permanent deformation is the accumulation of permanent strains at the place of vehicle wheel loading, which leads to a decrease in pavement performance and service quality [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Crumb Rubber on the Moisture and Rutting Behavior of Low-Energy Asphalt and Determining the Best Flow Number Model

Moghimi

Shafabakhsh

Divandari

2023

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The advancement of technology and the increasing growth of environmental threats have led experts in the field of transportation to find alternatives for hot mix asphalts (HMAs). One of these alternatives is low-energy asphalt (LEA) mixtures. LEA mixture consists of hot asphalt binder and coarse aggregates and wet sand, which, having a lower mixing temperature, has caused a significant reduction in energy consumption and pollutants emitted from asphalt binder. According to previous studies, the influence of crumb rubber (CR) on the rutting and moisture performances of LEAs has not been investigated so far. In this regard, due to the softness of this type of asphalt mixture and its weakness against rutting and moisture, in this study, as an innovation, CR was used to modify LEA mixtures in three weight percentages of 10, 15, and 20. Considering the high moisture sensitivity of LEA mixtures due to the presence of water, the ability of CR to overcome this weakness and its potential to be replaced with antistriping additives were also investigated using the indirect tensile strength (ITS) test. In addition, in order to evaluate the rutting resistance, LEA mixtures were subjected to the dynamic creep test at a temperature of 54.4°C and at two stress levels of 270 and 310 kPa. According to ITS test results, it was found that although the modified LEA mixtures with 10 and 15% CR met the minimum requirement, the tensile strength ratio (TSR) value recorded for mentioned mixtures was still lower than that for HMA. Therefore, it is recommended to use antistripping additives in the use of LEA-containing CR, especially in areas with a high probability of moisture damage. The results of creep curves and flow numbers (FNs) extracted from four different models of three-stage, Fnest, Francken, and stepwise showed that although the LEA sample without additive had lower rutting resistance than HMA, the modification of this mixture to 15% CR significantly increased the rutting resistance. Moreover, considering the variety of variables in the process of making LEA compared to HMA, the comparison of FN determination models and the introduction of the most stable model were conducted in this research. According to the laboratory and statistical analysis results, it was found that the Francken model had less sensitivity to the variables, so it is suggested to determine FN for LEA mixtures.

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“…The dynamic modulus master curve reflects the dynamic mechanical performance and viscoelastic property of the asphalt mixture and is widely used in the area of asphalt mixture and as an effective way to evaluate the asphalt mixture. Many studies [50,51] improved or modified the asphalt with a warm mix additive or other additives to improve the viscoelastic property under higher temperatures. The PU mixture which possesses good road performance [52,53] is a new kind of pavement material, the dynamic mechanical performance and viscoelastic properties of which should be captured and used to understand the performance of pavement structure with PU mixture layers before applying the PU mixture in pavement structure design, material selection, and performance prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Construction of Dynamic Modulus Master Curve of Polyurethane Mixture with Dense Gradation

Zhao

Gao²,

Cui³

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The PU mixture considered here is a new kind of pavement material with excellent road performance, which lacks study into its dynamic mechanical and viscoelastic properties. In this study, the dynamic modulus of the polyurethane (PU) mixture was fitted by using five master curve models, five shift factor equations, and four error minimization methods. According to test results, the log–log plot form was able to more effectively display the differences between master curves. The solver method, the sum of square error minimization (≤0.02), proved to be more appropriate and accurate with higher fitting parameter results. The line of equality statistic and Pearson linear correlation analysis results demonstrated that WLF and Kaelble equations were appropriate for five master curve models with trend line R2 values higher than 0.98. The GLS and SCM model with the WLF equation had the most accurate master curve fitting results. The dynamic modulus master curve shape of the PU mixture did not follow the traditional smooth “S” shape and did not show the ultimate dynamic modulus at extreme frequency. The viscoelasticity of the PU mixture is quite different from that of the asphalt mixture. This study recommended the most accurate error minimization method, the master curve model, and shift factor equations for characterizing the dynamic properties of the PU mixture.

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Evaluation of Resilient Modulus and Rutting for Warm Asphalt Mixtures: A Local Study in Iraq

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

Predicting Flexible Pavement Distress and IRI Considering Subgrade Resilient Modulus of Fine-Grained Soils Using MEPDG

Predicting Flexible Pavement Distress and IRI Considering Subgrade Resilient Modulus of Fine-Grained Soils Using MEPDG

Effect of Crumb Rubber on the Moisture and Rutting Behavior of Low-Energy Asphalt and Determining the Best Flow Number Model

Study on the Construction of Dynamic Modulus Master Curve of Polyurethane Mixture with Dense Gradation

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