Evaluation of residual stresses in isothermal friction stir welded 304L stainless steel plates

Bhattacharyya, Madhumanti; Gnäupel‐Herold, Thomas; Raja, Krishnan S.; Darsell, Jens T.; Jana, Saumyadeep; Charit, Indrajit

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.141982

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Friction stir welding or processing (FSW or FSP) is another surface modification process that leads to grain refinement, low-angle grain boundaries, and compressive residual stress distribution on the stirred zone (SZ) [26]. The friction-stirred 304L material showed better resistance to pitting corrosion in the acidified chloride solution than the base metal (BM) in mill-annealed conditions [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Friction Stir-Welded 304L Stainless Steel: Effect of Microstructure and Temperature

Naskar,

Bhattacharyya,

Jana

et al. 2024

Crystals

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Dry storage canisters of used nuclear fuels are fabricated using SUS 304L stainless steel. Chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking (CISCC) is one of the major failure modes of dry storage canisters. The cracked canisters can be repaired by friction stir welding (FSW), a low-heat input ‘solid-phase’ welding process. It is important to evaluate the ClSCC resistance of the friction stir welded material. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) studies were carried out on mill-annealed base materials and friction stir welded 304L stainless U-bend specimens in 3.5% NaCl + 5 N H2SO4 solution at room temperature and boiling MgCl2 solution at 155 °C. The engineering stress on the outer fiber of the FSW U-bend specimen was ~60% higher than that of the base metal (BM). In spite of the higher stress level of the FSW, both materials (FSW and BM) showed almost similar SCC failure times in the two different test solutions. The SCC occurred in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) of the FSW specimens in the 3.5% NaCl + 5 N H2SO4 solution at room temperature, while the stirred zone (SZ) was relatively crack-free. The failure occurred at the stirred zone when tested in the boiling MgCl2 solution. Hydrogen reduction was the cathodic reaction in the boiling MgCl2 solution, which promoted hydrogen-assisted cracking of the heavily deformed stirred zone. The emergence of the slip step followed by passive film rupture and dissolution of the slip step could be the SCC events in the 3.5% NaCl + 5 N H2SO4 solution at room temperature. However, the slip step height was not sufficient to cause passivity breakdown in the fine-grained SZ. Therefore, the SCC occurred in the partially recrystallized softer TMAZ. Overall, the friction-stirred 304L showed higher tolerance to ClSCC than the 304L base metal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Friction Stir-Welded 304L Stainless Steel: Effect of Microstructure and Temperature

Naskar,

Bhattacharyya,

Jana

et al. 2024

Crystals

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“…The FSW process uses a non-consumable rotating tool with a designed shoulder and pin inserted into a butting edge or overlapped sheets or plates to be joined and traversed along the line of the joint [1][2][3][4][5]. FSW is of interest in numerous fields of application, such as the automotive, railway, air transport, aerospace, and nuclear industries [6][7][8][9]. The welding schematic of FSW can be found everywhere [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

et al. 2023

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The friction stir welding (FSW) process was recently developed to overcome the difficulty of welding non-ferrous alloys and steels. In this study, dissimilar butt joints between 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and AISI 316 stainless steel were welded by FSW using different processing parameters. The grain structure and precipitates at the different welded zones of the various joints were intensively characterized by the electron backscattering diffraction technique (EBSD). Subsequently, the FSWed joints were tensile tested to examine the mechanical strength compared with that of the base metals. The micro-indentation hardness measurements were conducted to reveal the mechanical responses of the different zones in the joint. The EBSD results of the microstructural evolution showed that a significant continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX) occurred in the stir zone (SZ) of the Al side, which was mainly composed of the weak metal, Al, and fragmentations of the steel. However, the steel underwent severe deformation and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (DDRX). The FSW rotation speed increased the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) from 126 MPa at a rotation speed of 300 RPM to 162 MPa at a rotation speed of 500 RPM. The tensile failure occurred at the SZ on the Al side for all specimens. The impact of the microstructure change in the FSW zones was significantly pronounced in the micro-indentation hardness measurements. This was presumably attributed to the promotion of various strengthening mechanisms, such as grain refinement due to DRX (CDRX or DDRX), the appearance of intermetallic compounds, and strain hardening. The aluminum side underwent recrystallization as a result of the heat input in the SZ, but the stainless steel side did not experience recrystallization due to inadequate heat input, resulting in grain deformation instead.

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“…The values of tensile PS were measured at the boundaries of the joining of materials. Article [20] is devoted to the measurement of longitudinal and transverse PS arising from friction stir welding at different temperatures. It was shown that with a slight deepening into the weld, the longitudinal stresses are tensile in nature, and the transverse stresses are compressive, while welding with a lower temperature caused a higher level of PS.…”

Section: Introduction and Purpose Of The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Prestress in Circular Inhomogeneous Solid and Annular Plates in the Framework of the Timoshenko Hypotheses

Bogachev

2021

Applied Sciences

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Determination of prestress fields in structures is of the utmost importance, since they have a significant impact on operational characteristics, and their level and distribution must be strictly controlled. In this paper, we present modeling of bending vibrations of solid and annular round inhomogeneous prestressed plates within the framework of the Timoshenko hypotheses. New inverse problems of prestress identification in plates are studied on the basis of the acoustic response subjected to some probing load. To solve direct problems on calculating oscillations and amplitude-frequency characteristics, a computational Galerkin-method-based scheme has been developed. In order to treat the inverse problems, we use a special projection approach based on the constructed weak problems statements, which makes it possible to determine the desired characteristics in the given classes of functions. The developed techniques for solving direct problems are implemented in the form of software packages realized via Maple. For both solid and annular plates, we estimate the sensitivity of the amplitude-frequency characteristics the values of which are used as the additional data in the inverse problems to a change in the prestress level; we conclude that the most favorable frequency range should be selected in the resonance vicinity. We have conducted a series of computational tests on reconstructing the plate’s prestresses of various levels and distribution patterns (decreasing, increasing, sign-changing laws). The results of computational tests revealed that the technique developed allows for the determination of the prestresses with a low error for two cases: when the cause of prestress formation and its type are known and when arbitrary prestress changing laws are considered.

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Evaluation of residual stresses in isothermal friction stir welded 304L stainless steel plates

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Friction Stir-Welded 304L Stainless Steel: Effect of Microstructure and Temperature

Chloride-Induced Stress Corrosion Cracking of Friction Stir-Welded 304L Stainless Steel: Effect of Microstructure and Temperature

Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6061-T6 to AISI 316 Stainless Steel: Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

Determination of Prestress in Circular Inhomogeneous Solid and Annular Plates in the Framework of the Timoshenko Hypotheses

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