Evaluation of Relationships between Subtropical Marine Low Stratiform Cloudiness and Estimated Inversion Strength in CMIP5 Models Using the Satellite Simulator Package COSP

Koshiro, Tsuyoshi; Shiotani, Masato; Kawai, Hideaki; Yukimoto, Seiji

doi:10.2151/sola.2018-005

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This is closely linked to the development of so‐called marine inversions, which are initiated by the cooling effect of a large body of water on the warmer air masses above. As already mentioned, the marine inversions are an essential factor which controls the formation of the low stratiform clouds (Koshiro et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Furthermore, by restricting the vertical air mixing, the tropospheric temperature inversions play a crucial role in low-level cloud formation. A literature survey indicates a general consensus that there is a strong positive correlation between low-cloud cover and selected measures of inversion strength, such as the low-level stability and estimated inversion strength (Wood and Bretherton, 2006;Zhang et al, 2009;Naud et al, 2016;Galewsky, 2018;Koshiro et al, 2018). Owing to the relatively high albedo and cloud-top temperature, the low stratiform clouds have also a strong cooling effect on the Earth's radiative budget and thus influence on climate change feedbacks (Qu et al, 2015;Ceppi and Gregory, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal and spatial variability of elevated inversions over Europe based on ERA‐Interim reanalysis

Palarz

Celiński‐Mysław

Ustrnul

2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Tropospheric temperature inversions are thought to be an important feature of climate as well as a significant factor affecting air quality and low‐level cloud formation. The aim of this study is to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of the tropospheric temperature inversions, in particular so‐called elevated inversions, over Europe. The analysis is based on data gained from ERA‐Interim reanalysis for the period 1981–2015. The data consist of air temperature, and geopotential height from the entire vertical cross‐section of the troposphere, that is, from 1,000 to 100 hPa. The study examines the temporal (intra‐ and inter‐annual) variability of the temperature inversions based on their frequency, base height, depth, and strength. The analysis conducted revealed that the temperature inversions are a common phenomenon occurring in the lower troposphere. Their temporal and spatial variability is, however, determined by the inversion type. Surface‐based inversions (SBI) indicate a clear diurnal cycle, while the day–night variability of elevated inversions (EI) is far less pronounced. Two main regions of the most frequent EI occurrence may be distinguished. These are: (a) a marine area west of the Iberian Peninsula and (b) Eastern Europe. Both of them are located in areas which are under the influence of extensive high‐pressure systems—the permanent Azores High and semipermanent Siberian High, respectively. The development of EI should be therefore attributed to the large‐scale subsidence and adiabatic heating of air parcels. EI are also quite common over the other parts of the Atlantic Ocean, which is closely linked to the development of marine inversions. SBI tend to be stronger than EI—the mean seasonal inversion strength is usually substantially higher for SBI. In turn, EI reach higher values of the mean seasonal inversion depth as compared with SBI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variability of elevated inversions over Europe based on ERA‐Interim reanalysis

Palarz

Celiński‐Mysław

Ustrnul

2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…Our study showed that global distributions of fog frequency and LWC are substantially different among climate models. It has been shown by numerous studies that cloud representation have a large spread even among state‐of‐the‐art climate models (e.g., Jiang et al, ; Koshiro et al, ; Nam et al, ; Nuijens et al, ; Su et al, ). Therefore, it is not surprising that fog representation also has a large diversity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Marine Fog Over the North Pacific Under Different Climates in CMIP5 Multimodel Simulations

et al. 2018

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In this study, the changes in the occurrence of marine fog over the summer North Pacific in warmer sea surface temperature (SST) or increased CO 2 climates were investigated based on atmospheric model simulations by using the fifth phase of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) multimodel data. Initially, the marine fog representation in CMIP5 multimodels was briefly evaluated globally. We found that the simulated marine fog occurrence was represented relatively well in boreal summer but poorly in other seasons. The results indicated that the changes in the North Pacific high-pressure system accompanied by changes in horizontal wind patterns control the changes in marine fog occurrence in the North Pacific. The magnitude of contrasting pair changes in marine fog occurrence in the western and eastern North Pacific are primarily determined by the magnitude of changes in the North Pacific high-pressure system. Global-scale changes in the vertical profiles of the atmosphere (stability changes) can also affect the marine fog changes. These changes in marine fog over the North Pacific were consistent among most CMIP5 models.Plain Language Summary Marine fog often occurs over the midlatitude ocean and affects maritime traffic and fishing vessels significantly. Therefore, it is extremely important to determine the changes in marine fog occurrence in a warmer climate. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first to reveal that marine fog occurrence decreases in the western North Pacific and increases in the eastern North Pacific in boreal summer when SST increases. Many models indicate similar changes, and thus these changes must be reliable. The study also explains the mechanisms driving these changes in marine fog.

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“…Kawai et al (2017) developed an index for low-cloud cover, the ECTEI. This index is deduced from a criterion of cloud top entrainment (Randall, 1980;Deardorff, 1980;Kuo and Schubert, 1988;Betts and Boers, 1990;MacVean and Mason, 1990;MacVean, 1993;Yamaguchi and Randall, 2008;Lock, 2009) and includes information on both the vertical profile of temperature and that of water vapor. The definition of ECTEI is as follows:…”

Section: New Index For Low-cloud Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant improvement of cloud representation in the global climate model MRI-ESM2

et al. 2019

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Abstract. The development of the climate model MRI-ESM2 (Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2), which is planned for use in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) simulations, involved significant improvements to the representation of clouds from the previous version MRI-CGCM3 (Meteorological Research Institute Coupled Global Climate Model version 3), which was used in the CMIP5 simulations. In particular, the serious lack of reflection of solar radiation over the Southern Ocean in MRI-CGCM3 was drastically improved in MRI-ESM2. The score of the spatial pattern of radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere for MRI-ESM2 is better than for any CMIP5 model. In this paper, we set out comprehensively the various modifications related to clouds that contribute to the improved cloud representation and the main impacts on the climate of each modification. The modifications cover various schemes and processes including the cloud scheme, turbulence scheme, cloud microphysics processes, interaction between cloud and convection schemes, resolution issues, cloud radiation processes, interaction with the aerosol model, and numerics. In addition, the new stratocumulus parameterization, which contributes considerably to increased low-cloud cover and reduced radiation bias over the Southern Ocean, and the improved cloud ice fall scheme, which alleviates the time-step dependency of cloud ice content, are described in detail.

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Evaluation of Relationships between Subtropical Marine Low Stratiform Cloudiness and Estimated Inversion Strength in CMIP5 Models Using the Satellite Simulator Package COSP

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Temporal and spatial variability of elevated inversions over Europe based on ERA‐Interim reanalysis

Temporal and spatial variability of elevated inversions over Europe based on ERA‐Interim reanalysis

Changes in Marine Fog Over the North Pacific Under Different Climates in CMIP5 Multimodel Simulations

Significant improvement of cloud representation in the global climate model MRI-ESM2

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