Evaluation of Rational Drug Use at Teaching Hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan

Aslam, Aqeel; Khatoon, Sobia; Mehdi, Maria; Mumtaz, Sidra; Murtaza, Babar

doi:10.5530/jppcm.2016.2.6

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In absolute terms the level of adequately labelled medicines was better than reported in studies conducted in Egypt, Northern Nigeria, Pakistan and Ethiopia [5–8], however labelling of medicines remains sub-optimal (<50%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

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Assessing medication packaging and labelling appropriateness in Sri Lanka

Athuraliya¹,

Walkom

Dharmaratne

et al. 2016

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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BackgroundThere is substantial evidence of poor dispensing practices with inadequate packaging and labelling of medicines, and limited advice on their usage in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examined the labelling and packaging of medicines identified during a survey of 1322 households in six regions of Sri Lanka between 2010 and 2013 conducted using the World Health Organization (WHO) methodology for household surveys. We compared medicines obtained from public and private sources and asked interviewees if they understood how to take the medicines.MethodsPackaging was considered adequate when the primary package was an envelope or closable container holding only one medicine. Adequate labels were legible and included medicine name, dose and expiration date. Interviewers assessed whether respondents knew how to take the medicines.ResultsOf 1322 households, 1253 households (94.8%) had at least one medicine; 84% were classified as western medicines and 16% traditional medicines. Of 5756 western medicines identified, 82.1% were adequately packaged, 43.3% adequately labelled and 41.4% both adequately packaged and labelled. Participants stated that they understood the label and knew how to take 96% of the medicines. Private medicine sources had more adequately packaged medicines than public sources (87.7% vs 73.5%; OR 2.58, 95% CI 2.23, 2.99) and more adequately labelled medicines (52.2% vs 27.4%; OR 2.90, 95% CI 2.57, 3.26).ConclusionsInadequate packaging and labelling of medicines remain a concern in Sri Lanka. Commitment to Good Pharmacy Practices, investments in staff education and training and adequate dispensing resources (containers and labels), particularly in the public sector, are needed to address sub-optimal dispensing practices. Ageing populations with more chronic diseases requiring polypharmacy and complex medicine regimens increase the need for appropriately packaged and labelled medicines.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40545-016-0091-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Studies conducted in Egypt, Northern Nigeria, Pakistan and Ethiopia have reported between 0 and 13.7% of dispensed medicines with adequate labels [5–8]. Yet in these same studies 55 to 94% of patients were reported to have adequate knowledge of the correct dose of the medicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing medication packaging and labelling appropriateness in Sri Lanka

Athuraliya¹,

Walkom

Dharmaratne

et al. 2016

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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“…Unfortunately, patient's knowledge of the correct dosage of drugs was low (54.98%) compared with the desirable value of 100%. [10] According to a journal average Percentage of generic drug prescribed was 29.7% that is not according to the WHO standard values which was 100% it shows the greater interest of doctors to brand name prescribing. The average percentage of antibiotics prescribed was 64% while WHO international networking for rational use of drugs (INRUD) devised limit up to 30% that showed all health facilities contributing to bacterial resistance to antibiotics.…”

Section: Clarity In Instructions 82mentioning

confidence: 97%

Rational Drug use in Pakistan: A systematic review

Arshad¹,

Mahmood²,

Rasool³

et al. 2016

JPPCM

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“…Higher percentages were found in studies conducted in Brazil which was 86.1% 11 , in rural area of India which was 89.88% 18 , in Warangal -India which was 97.7% 21 , in South Ethiopia which were 98.7% 10 and 95.8% 16 , and in Saudi Arabia which was 100% 15 . On the other hand, lower percentages are found in studies conducted in in Goa -India which was 0.05% 12 , in Southern India which was 2.5% 20 , in Pakistan which was 39.5% 17 , in South India which was 42.9% 14 , in Western China which was 64.12% 9 , and in West Ethiopia which was 79.2% 13 .…”

Section: Percentage Of Drugs Prescribed By Generic Namementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Prescribing indicators have been applied in several studies at different level of health facilities of primary healthcare and referral healthcare in different regions of the world. Some of the studies included the studies conducted at village health clinics in Western China 9 , at teaching hospital in South Ethiopia 10 , at different level of health care in Brazil 11 , at teaching hospital in Goa -India 12 , at four hospitals in West Ethiopia 13 , at secondary care referral hospital in South India 14 , at four government hospitals in Saudi Arabia 15 , at other four hospitals in South Ethiopia 16 , at four teaching hospitals in Pakistan 17 , at teaching hospital in rual area of India 18 , at general hospitals in East Ethiopia 19 , at community pharmacies in Southern India 20 , and at private hospital in Warangal -India 3.45 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Rational Use of Medicines: Prescribing Patterns and Indicators at Public Primary Health Care Center and Hospital in Indonesia

Endarti¹,

Oei²,

Sawitri³

et al. 2019

Int. Res. J. Pharm.

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Drug use is one part of drug management cycle which covers selection, procurement, distribution, and use. This study aimed to assess drug prescription pattern using WHO prescribing indicator at primary healthcare centers and public hospital in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the study samples of 2,401 prescriptions from public primary healthcare centers and 1,218 prescriptions from public district hospital in the period of year 2012-2016. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter at primary healthcare center and hospital settings were upon WHO standard, indicating the worse practices. At primary healthcare setting, the percentages of drugs prescribed by generic name and the percentages of encounters in which an injection were the same with WHO standards. The percentages of encounters in which an injection is prescribed at hospital setting was also inline with WHO standard. The percentage of encounters in which an antibiotic is prescribed at primary healthcare center was below WHO standard and in contrast at hospital setting was upon WHO standard. The percentage of drugs prescribed from formulary at primary healthcare center and hospital settings were almost achieve WHO standard. In general, the prescribing practices tended to show better pattern by time. The most problem of prescribing practices from this study was the high average number of drugs prescribed per encounters which leads to polypharmacy. The other problems were the low percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name and high percentage of encounters with antibiotic, particularly at hospital setting.

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Evaluation of Rational Drug Use at Teaching Hospitals in Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract: Introduction: Rational drug use is a function of prescription practices having medical, social, and

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Assessing medication packaging and labelling appropriateness in Sri Lanka

Assessing medication packaging and labelling appropriateness in Sri Lanka

Rational Drug use in Pakistan: A systematic review

Assessment of the Rational Use of Medicines: Prescribing Patterns and Indicators at Public Primary Health Care Center and Hospital in Indonesia

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