Evaluation of Rare Earths viewed from the Occupational Health

Shin, Sera; Rim, Kyung-Taek; Kim, Jong-Choon

doi:10.15269/jksoeh.2016.26.3.237

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…As the use of REEs has increased, concern for industrial health has been gradually increasing, and the reports on bioaccumulation, epidemiological survey, in vivo and in vitro toxicity studies, and related issues for REEs have been limited up to now [12], [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lu was reported to be accumulated in the bones (much), liver, and kidneys, although there was no information for the biological effects. Holmium (Ho) and thulium (Tm) compounds are known to stimulate the metabolism of the human body, but their biological effects are still controversial [12], [29], [43]. Dermal fibrosis (nephrogenic systemic fibrosis) was reported by gadolinium (Gd) used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance images [44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the exposure limit for overall REEs is required to be established by performing comprehensive hazard/risk assessment and to be complemented by checking exposure conditions in the workplace through an onsite field survey. In addition, occupational diseases should be prevented by periodic monitoring of workers' health [29]. Environmental monitoring for air, water, and soil requires a thorough wastewater treatment system, including pH monitoring, as with other large-scale factories using complex organic or inorganic reagents, and failure to monitor leads to secondary contamination due to environmental exposure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues

Shin

Kim

Rim

2019

Safety and Health at Work

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Although the rare earth elements (REEs) recycling industry is expected to increase worldwide in high-tech industry, regulations for worker safety have yet to be established. This study was conducted to understand the potential hazard/risk of REE recycling and to support the establishment of regulations or standards. We review the extensive literature on the toxicology, occupational safety, and health issues, and epidemiological surveys related to the REEs, and propose suitable management measures. REE recycling has four key steps such as collection, dismantling, separation, and processing. In these processes, hazardous substances, such as REEs-containing dust, metals, and chemicals, were used or occurred, including the risk of ignition and explosion, and the workers can be easily exposed to them. In addition, skin irritation and toxicities for respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems with the liver toxicity were reported; however, more supplementary data are needed, owing to incompleteness. Therefore, monitoring systems concerning health, environmental impacts, and safety need to be established, based on additional research studies. It is also necessary to develop innovative and environment-friendly recycling technologies, analytical methods, and biomarkers with government support. Through these efforts, the occupational safety and health status will be improved, along with the establishment of advanced REE recycling industry.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues

Shin

Kim

Rim

2019

Safety and Health at Work

Self Cite

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“…Additionally, preventing occupational diseases requires periodic health monitoring of workers [218]. An investigation of miners from Baiyunebo exposed to REEs indicated a significant reduction in bone mineral density, compared to the control group.…”

Section: Occupational Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Methods for Obtaining Rare Earth Elements from Recycling and Their Impact on the Environment and Human Health

Gkika,

Chalaris,

Kyzas

2024

Processes

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Rare earth elements (REEs) are at the forefront of discussions, given their crucial role in cutting-edge and eco-friendly innovations that propel the industrial revolution towards a green economy. These elements have become indispensable to various modern technologies, such as smartphones, electronic devices, and renewable energy sources. Many different concepts and analyses have been introduced, such as the chemical similarities among REEs, health risks and ecological damages, the negative environmental impacts of current recovery processes, and strategies for advancing REE recovery towards a circular economy. Although these elements have been widely used in various applications over the last 20 years, the literature on these aspects is fragmented and spread across different research areas, shared by multiple branches and application fields. These fields include safety concerns, economic challenges, and technology. Summarizing and classifying this literature is challenging due to its fragmented nature, the variety of topics, and the different approaches used. The quest for cleaner recycling strategies necessitates a comprehensive assessment covering economic, technological, and environmental aspects. The primary goal of this review is to provide a holistic perspective on REEs, with a central focus on their economic, technological, and environmental dimensions, particularly emphasizing reuse, recycling, and occupational safety. The review begins by addressing complexities of REEs, highlighting the associated technologies, environmental concerns, and economic considerations. It further explores the aspects of reuse and recycling of REEs, shedding light on the advantages, drawbacks, hazards, and costs associated with recycling technologies for REE recovery. Additionally, the review summarizes occupational exposure and safety considerations related to REEs.

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Evaluation of Rare Earths viewed from the Occupational Health

Cited by 2 publications

References 58 publications

Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues

Worker Safety in the Rare Earth Elements Recycling Process From the Review of Toxicity and Issues

Review of Methods for Obtaining Rare Earth Elements from Recycling and Their Impact on the Environment and Human Health

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