Evaluation of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog, on Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Insecticidal activity, ecdysteroid contents and cuticle formation

Abstract

The efficacy of pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), was evaluated using third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830 (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Various doses of the compound, ranging from 0.01 to 2 ng/larva, were applied topically to larvae (12 h before pupariation). Treatment did not prevent pupariation but inhibited adult emergence at all the doses tested. In a second series of experiments the ecdysteroid content of pupae was determined following application of pyriproxyfen at two doses, 0.108 and 0.29 ng/larva, corresponding to ID 25 and ID 50 , the doses required for 25 and 50% inhibition of adult emergence, respectively. Pyriproxyfen treatment increased the duration of pupal development. In addition, enzyme immunoassay measurements of ecdysteroids in whole body extracts of pupae indicated that pyriproxyfen decreased the ecdysteroid content in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, the effects on the cuticle of pyriproxyfen (ID 50) were studied histologically, which revealed that this compound increased the thickness of the new adult cuticle and suppressed the formation of bristles. Biochemical analyzes revealed that an increase in chitin content of the cuticle is only recorded at the highest dose. Thus, a topical application of pyriproxyfen to third instar larvae interfered with the molting hormone and disrupted the normal development of this insect.

Effects of pyriproxyfen on wild populations of the housefly, Musca domestica, and compatibility with its principal parasitoids

“…One of the few insecticides that shows promise for managing houseflies is pyriproxyfen (PPF) – a broad spectrum juvenile hormone analog that inhibits metamorphosis and embryogenesis in several insect orders . In dipterans, including M. domestica , PPF inhibits pupal–adult metamorphosis .…”

“…1,5 -9 One of the few insecticides that shows promise for managing houseflies is pyriproxyfen (PPF) -a broad spectrum juvenile hormone analog that inhibits metamorphosis and embryogenesis in several insect orders. 10 In dipterans, including M. domestica, PPF inhibits pupal-adult metamorphosis. 11 Although there are no commercial products with this active ingredient that target houseflies, there have been suggestions of PPF tolerance in some fly populations.…”

Evaluation of the Potential Side-Effects of Novaluron on the Shrimp <i>Palaemon adspersus</i>: Moulting Hormone Profile, Cuticle Secretion and Chitin Contents

“…Chitin quantification in peripheral integument was performed following the procedure of, previously described [33]. Chitin content was determined at different stages during the molting cycle in control and treated series by quantification of glucosamine derivatives obtained by deacetylation, depolymerisation and deamination of N-acetyl-glucosamine polymer.…”

Impairment of Development and Reproductivity of the Egyptian cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis Boisduval (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) by Cycloheximide.

“…The adult emergence of many insect species was partially or completely blocked after larval treatment with various IGRs, such as P. xylostella after treatment with hexaflumuron (Mahmoudvand et al, 2012); D. melanogaster after treatment with pyriproxyfen (Benseba et al, 2015); S. littoralis after larval treatment with novaluron (Ghoneim et al, 2015) and cyromazine (Tanani et al, 2015); G. pyloalis after treatment of the 4 th instar larvae of with lufenuron (Aliabadi et al, 2016); Culex quinquefasciatus and A. albopictus after treatment with pyriproxyfen and methoprene (Khan et al, 2016); P. gossypiella after treatment with novaluron (Hassan et al, 2017) and P. unionalis after treatment with methoxyfenozide . Results of the present study on S. littoralis were, to a great extent, in agreement with the previously reported results, since the adult emergence was detrimentally blocked after treatment of last instar larvae with the majority of cycloheximide doses.…”