Evaluation of Public Service Facilities in 19 Large Cities in China from the Perspective of Supply and Demand

Abstract

The equalization of urban public service facilities is important to the daily lives of urban residents. Spatial quantification of the supply and demand of public service facilities can reveal relationships between supply and demand agents and provide a foundation for the planning of urban public service facilities. This study proposed a comprehensive framework to assess the current state of supply (accessibility of facilities) and demand (population carrying pressure) of various public services in cities and determine patterns between different public service facilities. This framework contains three elements: (a) multi-scale spatial quantification of the matching of supply and demand, (b) spatial matching of supply and demand, and (c) spatial clustering analysis of the supply and demand balance. This study analyzed 19 major cities in China from a supply and demand perspective and examined implications for matching the supply and demand of public service facilities. The results indicated that education service facilities had the most appropriate supply and demand relationship. Areas where public service facilities had a good matching of supply and demand demonstrated a strong pattern of clustering. There were significant differences in the level of matching of the supply and demand of public service facilities among various regions in China. The limitations of the framework and future directions are discussed.

Assessing the impact of mega-city construction engineering on urban livability: an explorative study of Yan'an

“…Residential conditions are also an important factor in determining living satisfaction. Factors like water supply reliability, management services, and housing cost significantly impact housing satisfaction ( 49 , 50 ). Living standards can be measured by various indicators such as cost, income, and travel convenience ( 21 , 51 , 52 ).…”

Evaluating the accessibility of public service facilities to tourists and residents in island destinations: Evidence from the Changhai County

“…Scholars outside China have carried out empirical research on the accessibility of schools and hospitals, the concept of accessibility ( 32 , 33 ) and the influencing factors of accessibility ( 34 , 35 ). Chinese scholars have mostly focused on cities, counties and other regions and conducted accessibility evaluation research on parks, green spaces, educational facilities, or medical facilities ( 36 , 37 ). Based on existing studies, current research outside China has entered the stage of social equity, and most Chinese research is still in the stage of spatial equity.…”

The Spatial Distribution and Optimization of Medical and Health Land from the Perspective of Public Service Equalization: A Case Study of Urumqi City

“…Spatial inequality has been a hot subject in recent decades [12], as even Europe still has relevant problems [13]. In recent years, the focus of spatial equity research has still been on the positioning and layout optimization of public services [14]. M&H is a typical type of basic public service, and people who live in areas with good access to M&H can obtain greater feelings of happiness and security than those in underserved areas [15][16][17].…”

“…When measuring spatial accessibility, it must be emphasized that the M&H land is distributed to provide services to people. Likewise, many researchers take the demand side of public services, that is, urban residents, as a comparison object for exploring the spatial matching between service provision and the needs of user groups [14,20,21]. This research refers to the ideas of Jin et al [15,22] when measuring M&H land/facilities accessibility: firstly, the volume of services provided relative to the population's size, and secondly, the proximity of services provided relative to the location of the population.…”

“…These methods are time-consuming and lack spatial clarity and comprehensiveness. With the rapid development and wide application of Internet Big Data, data sources represented by POI provide new possibilities for evaluating facility service capabilities [14,[28][29][30]. These new data types have been widely used in measuring the spatial layout of M&H land/facilities [15], public toilets [31], restaurants [32], stadiums [8], green space [33], etc.…”