Evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic effects of ruscogenin on acute radiation proctitis: an experimental rat model

Abstract

PurposeRadiation proctitis (RP) is inflammation and damage to the rectum, manifested secondary to ionizing radiation utilized for treatment. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory therapeutical and protective effects of ruscogenin in a model of acute RP.MethodsThirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 8) as sham, control, treatment, and prophylaxis groups. Prophylaxis group and treatment group were dosed ruscogenin by oral gavage for 14 days pre- and postradiation. At the end of the 28th day, all subjects were sacrificed.ResultsHistopathological analysis showed a significant increase in cryptitis abscess, cryptitis and reactive atypia, and depth of lymphocytic infiltration of the control group, compared to the other groups (P < 0.05), while treatment and prophylaxis groups showed significant decreases (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that immunoreactivity were significantly higher in control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.01, respectively), but vice versa for treatment and prophylaxis groups. There was not any significant difference for fibroblast growth factor 2 immunoreactivity. The epithelium of control rectums indicated an increase in TNF-α immunoreactivity while other groups had significant decrease (P < 0.01). Electron microscopical findings were parallel to light microscopy.ConclusionIn this study, ruscogenin was observed to be effective on prophylaxis or treatment of acute RP. Although there are various reports on the treatment of the rectum damaged by acute RP in the literature, this could be the first study since there is no research indicating the ultrastructural effect of ruscogenin.

Study on the Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Ginsenoside Rg3 on Rats with Radiation Proctitis

“…TNF-α is a cellular signaling protein involved in inflammation and one of the cytokines constituting the acute phase response to inflammation and is mainly produced by activated macrophages [14]. Studies have shown that the expression of TNF-α is significantly increased both in the serum of RP patients [15] and in rectal tissues of RP rat models [16]. IL-4 and IL-10, both anti-inflammatory cytokines, are secreted by Th2 cells, which down-regulate the inflammatory response by inhibiting the proliferation of Th1 cells, blocking the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reducing the function of antigen-presenting cells [17].…”

Activity of Experimental Mouthwashes and Gels Containing DNA-RNA and Bioactive Molecules against the Oxidative Stress of Oral Soft Tissues: The Importance of Formulations. A Bioreactor-Based Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium Model

“…Surprisingly, the positive effect of hydrolyzed DNA-RNA was not synergistic in combination with other tested bioactive molecules, such as hyaluronic acid, β-Glucan, allantoin, bisabolol, ruscogenin, and several essential oils ( Table 2 ). The aforementioned molecules were proven to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aging activity, helping in wound healing, epithelial regeneration, and extracellular matrix regeneration [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. However, a formulation containing these bioactive molecules in addition to hydrolyzed DNA and RNA did not yield a higher protective effect than the formulation containing DNA and RNA alone.…”

Effects of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate on acute radiation proctitis in rats

“…[ 3 ] In the literature, animal experiments have used many drugs that are thought to prevent radiation damage, including ozonated olive oil, sildenafil, and ruscogenin. [ 4 - 6 ] Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), which are components of the urothelial mucosa layer. İntravesical HA and chondroitin sulfate combination (HA/CS) (iAluRil ® , Aspire Pharma) are applied in the treatment of urinary tract infections and bladder pain syndrome.…”