Evaluation of Prevalence of the Types of Thyroid Disorders Using Ultrasound and Pathology of One Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Abstract

The thyroid gland is the largest classic endocrine organ, that effects many organs of the body and plays a significant role in the process of metabolism in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid disorders diagnosed by ultrasound and microscopic lesions of the thyroid during the slaughter of apparently healthy One Humped Camels (Camelus dromedarius). Randomly, 400 male camels (with a mean age range of 4 to 8 years), were studied in 2012 to 2013. The Camels' thyroid glands were evaluated by ultrasound device using multi-frequency linear transducer 7-9 MHz caller doppler and in both longitudinal and transverse view. After stabilization of the sample in 10% buffered formalin and the process of preparation of paraffin sections in autotechnicon method, tissue sections of 5 microns in diameter were prepared and stained with H & E and finally examined by light microscopy. The results obtained in the pathology indicated the following: hyperplastic goiter (19%), degenerative changes (12%), follicular cysts (5%), follicular atrophy (4%), nodular hyperplasia (3%), adenoma (1%), carcinoma (1%) and simple goiter colloid (1%). Ultrasound evaluation of thyroid gland in adenoma and carcinoma showed enlargement of the gland, decreased echogenicity,and the heterogeneous thyroid parenchyma with irregular boundaries. Also, in follicular cysts were observed in the enlarged gland with no echo structures of different sizes and decreased echogenicity as a regional or general. In nodular hyperplasia, echogenicity and heterogeneous parenchymal were found to be increased. Comparison of the effects on the thyroid gland from different camels showed that there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). These findings suggest the use of Ultrasound as a screening test in the diagnosis of complications of thyroid disorders. Pathology also to be used for the diagnosis of thyroid problems and other side effects. Keywords: Thyroid gland, One Humped Camel, Ultrasound, Pathology Tek Hörgüçlü Develerde (Camelus dromedarius) Ultrasonografi ve Patolojik Muayene İle Tiroid Bozukluk Tiplerinin Preavalansının Değerlendirilmesi ÖzetTiroid bezi vücuttaki pek çok organı etkileyen ve metablizma sürecinde önemli roller oynayan en büyük endokrin bezdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı kesim öncesi sağlıklı görünen Tek Hörgüçlü Develerde (Camelus dromedarius) ultrasonografi ve mikroskopik muayene ile tiroid bozukluk tiplerinin prevalansını araştırılmaktır. Çalışmada 2012 ile 2013 yılları arasında rastgele seçilen yaşları 4 ile 8 arasında değişen 400 adet erkek deve kullanıldı. Develerin tiroid bezleri longitudinal ve transversal doğrultularda olmak üzere multi-frekans lineer transducer 7-9 MHz doppler kullanılarak ultrason cihazı ile incelendi. Tiroid örnekleri %10'luk tamponlu formalin içerisinde tespit edildikten sonra parafin bloklar hazırlandı, 5 mikron kalınlığında kesildi ve H&E ile boyanarak ışık mikroskobunda inlendi. Patolojik incelemelerde hiperplastik guatr %19, dejeneratif değişiklikler %12, foliküler kistler %5, fo...

Role of Thyroid Gland in Prenatal Development-A Mini Review

“…Anupriya & Kalpana [13] observed that the mean and range of length of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 10-17 weeks was 5.6mm (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9), the mean and range of length of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 18-22 weeks was 9.5mm (9-12) and the mean and range of length of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 23-36 weeks was 12.1mm (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). The mean and range of breadth of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 10-17 weeks was 2.8mm (2-4), the mean and range of breadth of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 18-22 weeks was 4.2mm (3)(4)(5)(6) and the mean and range of breadth of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 23-36 weeks was 4.5mm (2)(3)(4)(5)(6). The mean and range of thickness of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 10-17 weeks was 1.8mm (1)(2)(3)(4), the mean and range of thickness of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 18-22 weeks was 2.75mm (2)(3)(4) and the mean and range of thickness of thyroid lobe of human fetus during 23-36 weeks was 2.9mm (2)(3)(4)(5).…”

“…The gland appears to have longest phylogenetic history than any other endocrine glands in the body [1]. The thyroid gland is the largest classic endocrine organ, which effects many organs of the body and plays a significant role in the process of metabolism in animals [2]. The most numerous cell populations in the gland is the thyroid follicular cells which are responsible for secretion of iodated tyrosine derived hormones which exert important effects on development growth metabolism of the organ system [3].…”