Evaluation of preoperative testicular volume in Japanese children with unilateral cryptorchidism

Kamisawa, Hideyuki; Kojima, Yoshiyuki; Hayashi, Yutaro; Imura, Makoto; Mizuno, Kentaro; Kohri, Kenjiro

doi:10.1007/s11255-008-9385-0

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, we found a significant decrease in the echogenicity and volume in patients with UDT compared to the healthy group and the healthy side. Our findings were thus found to be compatible with the previous literature ( 21 , 22 , 23 ) . Both conventional methods of measuring testicular volumes and the novel SWE-based method were utilized in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, there have been many disagreements among scientists, with some claiming that these methods are not reliable enough to accurately determine the relationship between the volume of the testes and testicular histology ( 17 , 18 ) . Histopathological examination of UDT revealed a significant decrease in the number of germ cells and Leydig cells; progressive reduction in the size of the seminiferous tubules followed by peritubular fibrosis ( 6 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ) . Numerous reported studies have shown that these histopathological alterations cause a significant reduction in the volume of the UDT ( 23 , 24 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnostic role of gray-scale and shear-wave elastography in pediatric patients with undescended testes: a prospective controlled study

Yurtsever,

Yıldız,

Amirjanov

et al. 2024

JUltrason

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Aim: Ultrasound elastography is a simple non-invasive method for measuring tissue elasticity in relation to tissue fibrosis. The aim of this study was to compare echogenicity, volume and shear wave velocities of undescended vs normally descended testes. Material and methods: Sixty-six boys with undescended testes were included in this study. The median age range was 35.5 (10–118) months old. The cases included in this prospective study consisted of 66 patients with non-operated undescended testes, with 51 of them being affected unilaterally and 15 affected bilaterally, as diagnosed by physical examination. The control group consisted of 31 healthy boys without any particular health problems. This prospective study was performed by gray-scale ultrasonography and shear wave elastography in boys with undescended testes and healthy testes. The testicular volumes were established by ultrasound measurement, the echogenicity and shear wave elastography values were measured in boys with unilateral and bilateral undescended testes, and the results were compared with healthy boys’ testes and their contralateral testes. The stiffness values were recorded for speed (m/s) and elasticity (kPa), and the stiffness values of undescended testes were compared with the healthy control group. Results: Echogenicity values were lower in the bilateral undescended testes group than in the healthy group, and the healthy group’s echogenicity was normal (p <0.001). The ROC curve was used to identify a cut-off shear wave elastography value for predicting decreased testicular echogenicity by using average shear wave elastography values. The area under the curve for the undescended testes was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.70–0.85, sensitivity 83.7%, specificity 68.7%, p <0.001), with an average shear wave elastography value of 2.32 (m/s) for above the cut-off point indicates. This was found to be significantly associated with reduced echogenicity on gray-scale ultrasonography, suggesting that it may be correlated with fibrosis developing in patients with undescended testes. Conclusion: The study provides interesting findings in that it proposes an alternative non-invasive method for the assessment of testicular tissue in undescended testes. We used shear wave elastography to compare the stiffness of normal testes in both heathy patients and in the contralateral healthy testes of boys with undescended testes, with the values obtained for the undescended testes reflecting the level of fibrosis of the parenchyma. Another outcome of this study was observed in patients with unilateral undescended testes, where the normally descended testes showed increased shear wave elastography values, which could be an early indication of parenchymal change.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic role of gray-scale and shear-wave elastography in pediatric patients with undescended testes: a prospective controlled study

Yurtsever,

Yıldız,

Amirjanov

et al. 2024

JUltrason

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“…Some authors have reported a weak correlation between testicular size at orchiopexy, and lower ratios of paternity, hormone levels, sperm count and testicular volume in adult patients ( 45 , 46 ). According with others, we found a strong positive correlation between lower FSH levels (a marker of spermatogenesis) and high location of the testicle ( 9 , 47 , 48 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study of cryptorchidism in children: testicular volume and hormonal function at 18 years of age

Varela-Cives¹,

Méndez-Gallart²,

Estevez-Martinez³

et al. 2015

Int. braz j urol.

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Purpose To evaluate the relationship between unilateral or bilateral criptorchidism, patient age, primary location of the gonad and modality of treatment with testicular volume and hormonal status at 18 years in patients diagnosed and treated for cryptorchidism during childhood.Materials and Methods Testicular volume, LH, FSH, and testosterone were evaluated in 143 young men at 18 years treated in childhood for unilateral (n=103) or bilateral (n=40) cryptorchidism.Results Unilateral cryptorchidism: Location of testis was prescrotal in 36 patients, inguinal in 52 and non-palpable in 15. The mean volume was 9.7 mL compared to 16.2 mL. for the spontaneously descended testicle in unilateral cryptorchidism. However, 22 patients who received HCG had a significantly bigger testis (11.8 mL.) than those treated with primary surgery (9.2 mL). The results showed a significant positive correlation between testicular volume and patient age at treatment.Bilateral cryptorchidism Location of testis was prescrotal in 34 cases, inguinal in 40 and 6 patients with non-palpable testicles. Mean volume at 18 years was 12.9 mL, greater than unilateral cryptorchid testis (9.7 mL) but smaller than healthy contralateral in unilateral cases (16.2 mL). There were significant differences in the testicular growth for bilateral patients with testicular descent after being treated with HCG (14.4 mL) in respect with those untreated (11.1 mL) or those who underwent primary surgery (11.4 mL). There was a significant positive correlation between the testicular volume and palpable (12.4 mL) or non-palpable testis (10.4 mL). There was a correlation between unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism and levels of FSH.Conclusions Testicular volume and hormonal function at 18 years for patients diagnosed and treated for cryptorchidism during childhood are strongly influenced by whether the undescended testis was unilateral or bilateral. Location of the testes at diagnosis or age of initial treatment exerts no definite effect on testicular volume improvement or hormonal levels at 18 years of age.

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“…Testicular volumes were calculated assuming the testes to be ellipsoidal (4/3π×length×width×depth). 11 Boys with peeping and gliding testes were included in the abdominal and inguinal testes groups, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Serum Inhibin B/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones and Anti-Müllerian Hormone/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones Ratios as Markers of Decreased Germ Cells in Infants with Bilateral Cryptorchidism

et al. 2022

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Purpose:In cryptorchidism, germ cell development failure presents from infancy and may be reflected by altered hormonal levels produced by Sertoli cells. Our object was to assess for associations between serum hormone levels and testicular histopathology in cryptorchidism with an infertility risk according to the pretreatment undescended testicular positions. Materials and Methods: Prepubertal cryptorchid boys aged 7-91 (median 20) months who underwent orchidopexy between 2014 and 2019 were included (122 unilateral [median 19 (range 7-91) months], 23 bilateral [24 (11-81) months]). We evaluated the pretreatment testicular position and size; serum hormone levels; and the mean number of germ cells per tubule transverse section (G/T). We also performed a subgroup analysis of boys aged ≤24 months at orchidopexy. Results: Serum inhibin B levels and G/T were significantly lower in bilateral than in unilateral cryptorchid boys (median 96 [range 46-197] pg/mL vs. 125 [21-354] pg/mL, p=0.026; 0.20 [0-2.59] vs. 0.65 [0-4.55], p<0.001, respectively). Inhibin B/follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH) and AMH/FSH ratios were positively correlated with G/T in bilateral cryptorchid boys aged ≤24 months (n=12, p=0.008 and p=0.019,

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Evaluation of preoperative testicular volume in Japanese children with unilateral cryptorchidism

Abstract: From the viewpoint of undescended testicular volume, cryptorchid children should be operated on as early as possible.

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Diagnostic role of gray-scale and shear-wave elastography in pediatric patients with undescended testes: a prospective controlled study

Diagnostic role of gray-scale and shear-wave elastography in pediatric patients with undescended testes: a prospective controlled study

A cross-sectional study of cryptorchidism in children: testicular volume and hormonal function at 18 years of age

Low Serum Inhibin B/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones and Anti-Müllerian Hormone/Follicle-Stimulating Hormones Ratios as Markers of Decreased Germ Cells in Infants with Bilateral Cryptorchidism

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