“…In the case of carnauba wax feedstocks (Figure 2b) the change in the slope of viscosity as a function of shear rate can be distinguished as the result of apparent yield stress, which arises from the three-dimensional structure formed by the particles within this binder. PIM compounds are typically materials lacking the symmetry in their flow cause, and therefore, we have proposed the eight parameter model to describe their viscosity [22], and most recently, master curves, which might sufficiently intercept the flow performance of various PIM feedstocks with a complex dilatant/pseudoplastic flow behavior [23].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PIM compounds are typically materials lacking the symmetry in their flow cause, and therefore, we have proposed the eight parameter model to describe their viscosity [ 22 ], and most recently, master curves, which might sufficiently intercept the flow performance of various PIM feedstocks with a complex dilatant/pseudoplastic flow behavior [ 23 ].…”
In this study, environmentally convenient highly metal powder filled feedstocks intended for powder injection molding is presented. The composition of 60 vol % 316L stainless steel gas atomized powder feedstocks containing semicrystalline waxes: acrawax or carnauba wax and paraffin wax, combined with polyethylene glycol and modifier, was optimized to provide defect-free parts. Rheological as well as thermogravimetric analyses supported with scanning electron microscopy and metallography were employed to set up optimum conditions for molding, debinding and sintering. The performance of the novel feedstock was compared with currently available polyolefines-based materials, and results showed an efficiency enhancement due to the substantially lower (about 100 °C) mixing and molding temperatures as well as a reduction of debinding and sintering times at the simultaneous achievement of better mechanical properties in terms of elongation and tensile strength, in comparison to the mass production feedstock.
“…In the case of carnauba wax feedstocks (Figure 2b) the change in the slope of viscosity as a function of shear rate can be distinguished as the result of apparent yield stress, which arises from the three-dimensional structure formed by the particles within this binder. PIM compounds are typically materials lacking the symmetry in their flow cause, and therefore, we have proposed the eight parameter model to describe their viscosity [22], and most recently, master curves, which might sufficiently intercept the flow performance of various PIM feedstocks with a complex dilatant/pseudoplastic flow behavior [23].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…PIM compounds are typically materials lacking the symmetry in their flow cause, and therefore, we have proposed the eight parameter model to describe their viscosity [ 22 ], and most recently, master curves, which might sufficiently intercept the flow performance of various PIM feedstocks with a complex dilatant/pseudoplastic flow behavior [ 23 ].…”
In this study, environmentally convenient highly metal powder filled feedstocks intended for powder injection molding is presented. The composition of 60 vol % 316L stainless steel gas atomized powder feedstocks containing semicrystalline waxes: acrawax or carnauba wax and paraffin wax, combined with polyethylene glycol and modifier, was optimized to provide defect-free parts. Rheological as well as thermogravimetric analyses supported with scanning electron microscopy and metallography were employed to set up optimum conditions for molding, debinding and sintering. The performance of the novel feedstock was compared with currently available polyolefines-based materials, and results showed an efficiency enhancement due to the substantially lower (about 100 °C) mixing and molding temperatures as well as a reduction of debinding and sintering times at the simultaneous achievement of better mechanical properties in terms of elongation and tensile strength, in comparison to the mass production feedstock.
“…These binder constituents were selected due to their extensive use in LPIM [33,34]. The solid loading reached in this study represents a typical value for irregular powders used in LPIM that are mainly reported for ceramicbased feedstocks [35,36]. The melting point of the feedstock was measured using a Perkin Elmer Pyris 1 differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) according to ASTM D3418-03 [37], and the values for the second heating and cooling cycles are presented.…”
Low-pressure powder injection molding (LPIM) is a cost-effective technology for producing intricate small metal parts at high, medium, and low production volumes in applications which, to date, have involved ceramics or spherical metal powders. Since the use of irregular metal powders represents a promising way to reduce overall production costs, this study aims to investigate the potential of manufacturing powder injection molded parts from irregular commercial iron powders using the LPIM approach. To this end, a low viscosity feedstock was injected into a rectangular mold cavity, thermally wick-debound using three different pre-sintering temperatures, and finally sintered using an identical sintering cycle. During debinding, an increase in pre-sintering temperature from 600 to 850 °C decreased the number of fine particles. This decreased the sintered density from 6.2 to 5.1 g/cm3, increased the average pore size from 9 to 14 μm, and decreased pore circularity from 67 to 59%.
“…Being one of the important constituents in process of CIM, organic binders always consist of several binders: low molecular weight polymers as lubricants, macromolecular binders as backbone binders as well as a small amount of surfactant [16,22]. As a surfactant, SA used in this work has both functional group anchoring to the powder surface and the carbon chain dissolving in the binders [21], hence could improve the compatibility between binders and oxide powders. During the planetary ball milling progress, the SA has been coated on the surface of oxide powders [22], and furtherly make the organic binders tightly coated on the surface of the modi cated oxide powders after internal mixing process.…”
Section: Organic Bindermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Binders used in CIM mainly consists of three functional components including: lubricants providing rheological properties for feedstock, macromolecular binders maintaining the shape integrity of green parts and debound compacts, as well as surfactants improving compatibility between ceramic powders and other organic binders [19]. CIM technology was used to fabricate a series of ceramic materials as follows: Al 2 O 3 [20,21], ZrO 2 [19,22], CaO[18], SiO 2 [23], MgAl 2 O 4 [24,25], SiC[26], B 4 C [27], AlN [13], Si 3 N 4 [28] and ZrB 2 [29] et al Through this near net shaping CIM process, a large quantity of ceramic parts have been synthesized in recent years. Qin et al [13] reported the CIM of complex shaped AlN ceramic with high thermal conductivity and successfully synthesized AlN heat sinks.…”
Near net shaping ceramic injection molding process of (MgCoNiZnCu)O high entropy oxides were conducted using commercial precursor oxide powders. Through ball milling, internal mixing, injection molding, solvent and thermal debinding as well as final sintering process, the ceramic products would be obtained with little machining. Compacts prepared are single rock-salt phase based on XRD and EDS Mapping results. Meanwhile, with the increasing of sintering temperature from 900 ℃ to 1050 ℃, particle diffusion rate and densification of samples becomes faster, which finally results relative density and fractured strength of sintered compacts reaching the highest (90.47 % and 77.98 MPa, respectively) in current work. The successfully synthesis of (MgCoNiZnCu)O through ceramic injection molding illustrates this near net shaping process could be a promising route for preparation of high entropy oxides.
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