Evaluation of potentially toxic element pollution in the benthic sediments of the water bodies of the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Aschale, Minbale; Sileshi, Yilma; Kelly‐Quinn, Mary; Hailu, Dejene

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2016.08.033

Cited by 24 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Even though both study sites have tap waters from different natural sources, the degree of water contamination depends on both anthropogenic and natural sources. The anthropogenic sources of heavy metals around Akaki-Kality may be due to the various industrial activities including leather processing, paints, abattoir, textile, agriculture, and pharmaceutical products ( Aschale et al., 2016 ). In addition, the percolating wastewater picks up a large number of heavy metals and reaches the aquifer system and contaminates groundwater sources ( Bhutiani et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Naturally, heavy metals in the aquatic environment are present in very small amounts, mainly released from the natural weathering of rocks and soils ( Kassegne et al., 2019 ). As a result of increasing population, urbanization and other anthropogenic activities high indices of heavy metals and other emerging contaminants have been indicated in water, soil, aquatic life, vegetables, fruits, and other food crops ( Aschale et al., 2016 ; Ebrahimi and Barbieri, 2019 ; Rajasulochana and Preethy, 2016 ). These elevated concentrations eventually affect human health through various environmental problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Ethiopia, heavy metals pose a threat to human health from their increasing concentrations in the environment caused by the recent rapid industrialization in the country ( Aschale et al., 2015a , 2015b , 2016 ; Woldetsadik et al., 2017 ; Yard et al., 2015 ). Despite the very high levels of heavy metal pollution, there is no adequate water treatment system for the public water supply in the country, except the elimination of pathogenic organisms by the addition of chlorine and particulate matter by filtration ( Firdissa and Soromessa, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination and health risk assessment of trace elements in the tap water of two Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Dessie

Gari

Mihret

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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Water is an essential component of all living things on earth and the contamination of water by heavy metals can cause detrimental health effects. This study aimed to determine the health risk posed by trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, Co, Pb, and As) present in the drinking water supplies of Gullele and Akaki-Kality Sub-Cities, upstream and downstream parts of Addis Ababa, respectively. The concentrations of the potentially toxic trace elements in the water samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The highest concentration of the heavy metals was observed for Iron. Cadmium and cobalt were not detected in any of the tap water samples. Samples from Gullele contained higher levels of Fe and Mn, 220.3 ± 0.17 and 19.78 ± 0.08 μg/L, respectively compared to Akaki-Kality, 38.87 ± 0.14 and 2.08 ± 0.01 μg/L, respectively. Conversely, tap water from Akaki-Kality contained significantly higher levels of As than that from Gullele. Additionally, Cr and Ni were detected only in samples from Akaki-Kality, which might be due to the various industries in the area. The highest incremental lifetime cancer risk was found for arsenic, with values for children and adults in Akaki-Kality 2.50 × 10 −4 and 4.50 × 10 −4 , respectively. Likewise, in Gullele Sub-City, it was 5.00 × 10 −5 and 1.00 × 10 −4 for adults and children, respectively. The results indicate that carcinogenic risk occurrence is probable from As in both studied areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination and health risk assessment of trace elements in the tap water of two Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Dessie

Gari

Mihret

et al. 2021

Heliyon

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“…The country is a signatory to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and has aligned its second Growth and Transformation Plan (GTP-II) to the sustainable development (FDRE 2016 ). Despite the Ethiopian government’s awareness about impacts of pollution, there is limited action to protect river ecosystem health (Akele et al 2016 ; Aschale et al 2016 ; Beyene et al 2009 ). Rapid urbanization and industrialization continue to degrade surface waters (EEPA 2010 ; FDRE 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring river water and sediments within a changing Ethiopian catchment to support sustainable development

Zinabu

Kelderman

Kwast

et al. 2019

Environ Monit Assess

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In many sub-Saharan states, despite governments’ awareness campaigns highlighting potential impacts of aquatic pollution, there is a very limited action to protect the riverine systems. Managing the quality of water and sediments needs knowledge of pollutants, agreed standards, and relevant policy framework supporting monitoring and regulation. This study reports metal concentrations in rivers in industrializing Ethiopia. The study also highlights policy and capacity gaps in monitoring of river and sediments. For two sampling periods in 2013 and 2014, chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) were monitored in water and sediments of the Leyole and Worka rivers in the Kombolcha city, Ethiopia. The sampling results were compared with international guidelines and evaluated against the Ethiopian water protection policies. Chromium was high in the Leyole river water (median 2660 μg/L) and sediments (maximum 740 mg/kg), Cu concentrations in the river water was highest at the midstream part of the Leyole river (median 63 μg/L), but maximum sediment content of 417 mg/kg was found further upstream. Zinc was the highest in the upstream part of the Leyole river water (median 521 μg/L) and sediments (maximum 36,600 mg/kg). Pb concentrations were low in both rivers. For the sediments, relatively higher Pb concentrations (maximum 3640 mg/kg) were found in the upstream of the Leyole river. Except for Pb, the concentrations of all metals surpassed the guidelines for aquatic life, human, livestock, and irrigation water supplies. The median concentrations of all metals exceeded guidelines for sediment quality for aquatic organisms. In Ethiopia, poor technical and financial capabilities restrict monitoring of rivers and sediments and understanding on the effects of pollutants. The guidelines used to protect water quality is based on the World Health Organization standards for drinking water quality, but this is not designed for monitoring ecological health. Further development of water quality standards and locally relevant monitoring framework are needed. Development of monitoring protocols and institutional capacities are important to overcome the policy gaps and support the government’s ambition in increasing industrialization and agricultural intensification. Failure to do so presents high risks for the public and the river ecosystem.

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“…There are three major rivers in the city (Kebena, LAR and Tiliku Akaki River) all originating near the foothills of Entoto. LAR is one of the heavily polluted rivers in the country [18,19] due to the release of industrial, agricultural, and domestic waste into the river with no or minimal treatment. Nearly 52% of the country's large-scale industries are located in Addis Ababa where most of them discharge their wastewater directly to the river [19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Evaluation and Quantification of Pollutant Source Contribution in Little Akaki River, Ethiopia: Conjunctive Application of Factor Analysis and Multivariate Receptor Model

Angello¹,

Tränckner²,

Behailu³

2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Little Akaki River (LAR) is among the heavily polluted urban rivers in Ethiopia. A bimonthly physico-chemical and heavy metals water quality analysis was conducted aimed at assessing the spatio-temporal characteristics and quantifying sources contributing to the pollution during dry and wet season at 22 montoring stations. Accordingly, laboratory analysis results indicated that most of the constituents deviated from the national and international guideline limits and the river is critically polluted at the middle and downstream segment. Factor Analysis (FA) was used to qualitatively determine the possible sources contributing to the pollution of LAR where three factors are identified that determine the pollution level during wet and dry season explaining 79.26 % and 79.47 % of the total variance respectively. Agricultural and urban runoff (nonpoint pollution sources), industrial and domestic waste are the three dominant factors that contribute to pollution in LAR. On the other hand, pollution sources of heavy metals in LAR are mostly dominated by industrial release whereas urban washouts from garages and automobile oil spills are other possible sources. Cluster Analysis spatially grouped all 22 monitoring stations into four and three clusters during the dry and wet season respectively. USEPA's receptor model, UNMIX, was used to quantify the composition and contribution of LAR constituents. The model predicted quite well with a minimum Signal to Noise ratio (S/N) of 2.71 and 2.16>2 and R 2 of 0.91 and 0.88>0.8 for the dry and wet season respectively. The UNMIX model effectively predicted the water quality source composition with a model predicted to measured ratio (P:M) of 1.04 and 1.16 during the dry season and wet season with an average percentage error of 1.38 % and 17.13 % respectively. LAR water quality management approach incorporating all the three pollution sources could be feasible.

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Evaluation of potentially toxic element pollution in the benthic sediments of the water bodies of the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Determination and health risk assessment of trace elements in the tap water of two Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Determination and health risk assessment of trace elements in the tap water of two Sub-Cities of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Monitoring river water and sediments within a changing Ethiopian catchment to support sustainable development

Spatio-Temporal Evaluation and Quantification of Pollutant Source Contribution in Little Akaki River, Ethiopia: Conjunctive Application of Factor Analysis and Multivariate Receptor Model

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