Evaluation of potential sources of protein in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Abstract

7 diets were prepared containing as their only source of protein one of the following feeds: fish meal, casein, hydrolyzed feather meal, grieves, wheat gluten, maize gluten, soybean meal. Crystalline amino acids were supplemented except in cases of fish meal and casein to prevent specific amino acid deficiencies. Concentrations of N x 6.25 ranged between 436 and 457 g/kg dry matter (DM). Cr2O3 was added to each diet for indirect determination of digestibilities. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 20 rainbow trout of an average initial weight of 60 g. After 66 feeding days, all trout were killed and used for whole body analyses. Due to severely reduced intake, trout fed the casein based diet gained only about half as much weight as trout fed the fish meal based diet, though at the same fed conversion ratio of 1.0 kg gain per kg dietary DM. Gains on the other diets ranged between these two treatments with poorer feed conversion ratios. Digestibilities of crude protein of fish meal, casein, hydrolyzed feather meal, grieves, wheat gluten, maize gluten and soybean meal were: 86, 98, 67, 81, 97, 87, and 94%, respectively. The corresponding contents of digestible energy were: 21.2, 21.8, 15.4, 16.5, 19.6, 18.3, and 14.4 Mj/kg DM. Efficiency of utilization of digestible energy ranged between 43 and 54%, that of digestible crude protein between 32 and 41%.

A novel enzymatic pre‐treatment improves amino acid utilization in feather meal fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…These results imply that the ADC of protein of the four test ingredients (FeM1, FeM2, PTFeM1, PTFeM2) were inferior than the combined average ADC of the other protein‐bound sources used to formulate the diets. In agreement with this observation, studies previously reported the ADC of CP in wheat gluten meal, corn gluten meal, spray‐dried blood meal and FeM to be 97%, 96%, 95% and 81%‐87% respectively, in rainbow trout (Bureau et al, ; Cho & Bureau, ; Pfeffer & Henrichfreise, ). The ADC in Arg was largely impaired by the increment of inclusion level of FeM1, PTFeM1 and FeM2.…”

“…In agreement with this observation, studies previously reported the ADC of CP in wheat gluten meal, corn gluten meal, spray-dried blood meal and FeM to be 97%, 96%, 95% and 81%-87% respectively, in rainbow trout (Bureau et al, 1999;Cho & Bureau, 1997;Pfeffer & Henrichfreise, 1994). The ADC in Arg was largely impaired by the increment of inclusion level of FeM1, PTFeM1 and FeM2.…”

Partial substitution of fish meal and full-fat soya bean meal with wheat gluten and influence of lysine supplementation in diets for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

“…Using wheat gluten supplemented with lysine and methionine as a sole protein source in diets for rainbow trout. Pfeffer & Henrichfreise (1994) recorded growth that was marginally, though not significantly, poorer than that of fish fed soya bean meal or fish-meal-based diets. However, although the efficiency of protein utilization amongst the fish fed the soya and glutenbased diets was similar, the protein utilization by the fish fed the fish-meal-based diets was far superior to that of the gluten-fed fish (PfefTer & Henrichfreise 1994).…”

“…Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) (Tibaldi, Tulli & Lanari 1994), Despite its low lysine content, some effort has been directed towards assessing the utilization of wheat gluten meal as a fish meal replacement in feeds for rainbow trout (PfefTer & Henrichfreise 1994: Rodenhutscord, Mandel & Pfeffer 1994: Rodenhutscord, Jacobs, Pack & Pfeffer 1995a: Rodenhutscord, Mandel, Pack, Jacobs & Pfeffer 1995b. Wheat gluten meal is known to be highly digestible with a digestibility coefficient for protein in the order of 97% and energy as high as 84% when this material with supplemental lysine and methionine was used as the sole protein source in diets containing 45% protein fed to rainbow trout (Pfeffer & Henrichfreise 1994), Indeed, the digestibility of protein and energy from maize gluten meal (95% and 92% respectively) has been shown to be very close to the values attained for sardine and full-fat soya bean meals (Gomes, Rema & Kaushik 1995),…”

Wheat gluten in extruded fish feed: effects on morphology and on physical and functional properties

“…Compared with fish meal, wheat gluten is low in methionine and especially low in lysine, whereas it is higher in cysteine content (Allan et al 2000). It has been reported previously that in salmonids, supplementation with lysine (Davies et al 1997;Cheng et al 2003) or a combination of lysine and methionine (Pfeffer & Henrichfreise 1994) is required for diets containing wheat gluten to maintain fish growth. Wheat gluten is also extensively used in food applications due to its functionality (Day et al 2006) and availability in large quantities (Domenek et al 2004).…”