Evaluation of potential increase in photosynthetic efficiency of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plants exposed to elevated carbon dioxide

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), an important tropical crop, is affected by extreme climatic events, including rising CO2 levels. We evaluated the short-term effect of elevated CO2 concentration (ECO2) (600, 800 and 1000 ppm) on the photosynthetic efficiency of 14 cassava genotypes. ECO2 significantly altered gaseous exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular CO2 (Ci) and transpiration (E)) in cassava leaves. There were significant but varying interactive effects between ECO2 and varieties on these physiological characteristics. ECO2 at 600 and 800 ppm increased the Pn rate in the range of 13–24% in comparison to 400 ppm (ambient CO2), followed by acclimation at the highest concentration of 1000 ppm. A similar trend was observed in gs and E. Conversely, Ci increased significantly and linearly across increasing CO2 concentration. Along with Ci, a steady increase in water use efficiency [WUEintrinsic (Pn/gs) and WUEinstantaneous (Pn/E)] across various CO2 concentrations corresponded with the central role of restricted stomatal activity, a common response under ECO2. Furthermore, Pn had a significant quadratic relationship with the ECO2 (R2 = 0.489) and a significant and linear relationship with Ci (R2 = 0.227). Relative humidity and vapour pressure deficit during the time of measurements remained at 70–85% and ~0.9–1.31 kPa, respectively, at 26 ± 2°C leaf temperature. Notably, not a single variety exhibited constant performance for any of the parameters across CO2 concentrations. Our results indicate that the potential photosynthesis can be increased up to 800 ppm cassava varieties with high sink capacity can be cultivated under protected cultivation to attain higher productivity.