Evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related comorbidities in clinical studies

Mureșanu, Ioana; Grad, Diana Alecsandra; Mureșanu, Dafin F.; Dobran, Stefana-Andrada; Hapca, Elian; Strilciuc, Ștefan; Benedek, Irina; Capriș, David; Popescu, Bogdan; Perju‐Dumbravă, Lăcrămioara; Cherecheș, Răzvan Mircea

doi:10.25122/jml-2022-0120

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…One of the most intriguing findings is the link between PTSD and traumatic brain injury (TBI), as PTSD is common in civilian and military populations suffering from TBI (MureÛanu et al, 2022). When compared to North Africa and Europe, the Middle East has a disproportionately high prevalence of TBI (Al-Hajj, Hammoud, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As these various studies illustrate, the combined effects of the pandemic and resulting quarantine, coupled with the social impacts of the August 2020 blast, have worsened symptoms of PTSD among Lebanese civilians and residents of Beirut, emphasizing the necessity of implementing appropriate mental health interventions to alleviate PTSD symptoms in this population. One of the most intriguing findings is the link between PTSD and traumatic brain injury (TBI), as PTSD is common in civilian and military populations suffering from TBI (Mures , anu et al, 2022). When compared to North Africa and Europe, the Middle East has a disproportionately high prevalence of TBI (Al-Hajj, Hammoud, et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Posttraumatic stress disorder among the Lebanese population and Syrian refugees: A systematic review.

Husseiny¹,

Farran²,

Sheikh³

et al. 2023

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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Introduction. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe and disabling condition that can lead to functional impairment and decreased productivity. The purpose of this systematic review was to compile and evaluate existing research on PTSD in Lebanon and among Syrian refugees. Method. We searched the databases OVID Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO for articles that used validated tools to report the screening or diagnosis of PTSD among our population of interest. Results. We included 102 articles out of a total of 10,367 screened manuscripts. We identified 24 studies discussing PTSD in the Lebanese population and 78 among Syrian refugees. A total of 90 studies described the epidemiological characteristics of PTSD while 12 assessed different treatment options. There was no significant difference in PTSD rates between males and females. We also identified several risks and protective factors for developing PTSD. The former included female gender, marriage, older age, and exposure to war. Conclusion. PTSD among Lebanese individuals and Syrian refugees is multifactorial in nature, but commonly involves war-related events. There is a significant evidence gap regarding intervention strategies in this population group. Targeted, multidisciplinary, and holistic interventions are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Posttraumatic stress disorder among the Lebanese population and Syrian refugees: A systematic review.

Husseiny¹,

Farran²,

Sheikh³

et al. 2023

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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“…It can also lead to an absence of fear memory or leave psychological sequelae that range from poor fear memory to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Yehuda et al, 2015 ). Furthermore, these effects may vary over time (Muresanu et al, 2022 ). Exposure to an intense stressor also opens the way to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), panic disorder, substance use disorders, or burnout (Berenz et al, 2019 ; Restauri and Sheridan, 2020 ; Spencer et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady electrocorticogram characteristics predict specific stress-induced behavioral phenotypes

Desnouveaux¹,

Poly²,

Edmond³

et al. 2023

Front. Neurosci.

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IntroductionDepending on the individual, exposure to an intense stressor may, or may not, lead to a stress-induced pathology. Predicting the physiopathological evolution in an individual is therefore an important challenge, at least for prevention. In this context, we developed an ethological model of simulated predator exposure in rats: we call this the multisensorial stress model (MSS). We hypothesized that: (i) MSS exposure can induce stress-induced phenotypes, and (ii) an electrocorticogram (ECoG) recorded before stress exposure can predict phenotypes observed after stress.MethodsForty-five Sprague Dawley rats were equipped with ECoG telemetry and divided into two groups. The Stress group (n = 23) was exposed to an MSS that combined synthetic fox feces odor deposited on filter paper, synthetic blood odor, and 22 kHz rodent distress calls; the Sham group (n = 22) was not exposed to any sensorial stimulus. Fifteen days after initial exposure, the two groups were re-exposed to a context that included a filter paper soaked with water as a traumatic object (TO) reminder. During this re-exposure, freezing behavior and avoidance of the filter paper were measured.ResultsThree behaviors were observed in the Stress group: 39% developed a fear memory phenotype (freezing, avoidance, and hyperreactivity); 26% developed avoidance and anhedonia; and 35% made a full recovery. We also identified pre-stress ECoG biomarkers that accurately predicted cluster membership. Decreased chronic 24 h frontal Low θ relative power was associated with resilience; increased frontal Low θ relative power was associated with fear memory; and decreased parietal β2 frequency was associated with the avoidant-anhedonic phenotype.DiscussionThese predictive biomarkers open the way to preventive medicine for stress-induced diseases.

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“…Exposure to traumatic events can trigger PTSD and severely affect the quality of life [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. The disorder leads to certain physiological symptoms, such as elevated arousal and reactivity, e.g., anger out-burst, irritability, reckless behavior with no concern for consequences, hypervigilance, sleep disturbance and limited focus [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. The pathogenesis of PTSD is related to the maladaptive expression of traumatic memories, which is characterized by excessive consolidation, generalization, and fear extinction deficits [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Serum Concentration Levels of Serotonin, Tryptophan and Cortisol among Stress-Resilient and Stress-Susceptible Individuals after Experiencing Traumatic Stress

Ogłodek

2022

IJERPH

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Background: Stress is a common response to many environmental adversities. However, once dysregulated, this reaction can lead to psychiatric illnesses, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals can develop PTSD after exposure to traumatic events, severely affecting their quality of life. Nevertheless, not all individuals exposed to stress will develop psychiatric disorders, provided they show enhanced stress-resilience mechanisms that enable them to successfully adapt to stressful situations and thus avoid developing a persistent psychopathology. Methods: The study involved 93 participants. Of them, 62 comprised a study group and 31 comprised a control group. The aim of the study was to assess serotonin, cortisol and tryptophan concentration levels in subjects with PTSD (stress-susceptible; PTSD-SS) and in healthy individuals (stress-resilient; PTSD-SR), who had experienced a traumatic event but fully recovered after the trauma. The subjects were between 18 and 50 years of age (mean 35.56 ± 8.26 years). The serum concentration levels of serotonin, cortisol and tryptophan were measured with an ELISA kit. Results: It was found that the serotonin, tryptophan and cortisol concentration levels were consistent with the features of both PTSD-SR and PTSD-SS patients. It was reported that the mean cortisol concentration levels increased more significantly in the PTSD-SS group than in the PTSD-SR group, versus those in the control group. Similarly, the PTSD-SS group was found to show a larger decrease in the mean serotonin concentration levels than the PTSD-SR group, versus those in the control group. No significant changes were found in the tryptophan concentration levels between the study groups, versus those in the control group. Conclusions: These findings can be useful when attempting to improve resilience in individuals using neuropharmacological methods. However, it is necessary to conduct more cross-sectional studies that would address different types of negative stress to find out whether they share common pathways.

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Evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related comorbidities in clinical studies

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Posttraumatic stress disorder among the Lebanese population and Syrian refugees: A systematic review.

Posttraumatic stress disorder among the Lebanese population and Syrian refugees: A systematic review.

Steady electrocorticogram characteristics predict specific stress-induced behavioral phenotypes

Changes in the Serum Concentration Levels of Serotonin, Tryptophan and Cortisol among Stress-Resilient and Stress-Susceptible Individuals after Experiencing Traumatic Stress

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