Evaluation of porosity effects on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic unidirectional laminates by X-ray computed tomography and mechanical testing

Stamopoulos, Antonios G.; Τσερπές, Κωνσταντίνος; Prucha, Petr; Vavřı́k, Daniel

doi:10.1177/0021998315602049

Cited by 77 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The workflow of the present work is presented in the following flow-chart of Table 1. As seen there, the first phase of the present work includes the manufacturing of porous CFRP laminates, the X-Ray computed tomography application for detecting the porosity developed inside the laminates and the quantification of it as seen in [6]. Consequently, for training the ANNs, the creation of porosity scenarios follows which is also the input to the previously mentioned numerical methodology [5].…”

Section: Workflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, during the manufacturing process, the temperature cycle and the dwell were the same in every case. More information about the curing cycles and the materials can be found in [5][6][7].…”

Section: Materials and Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fundamental assumption made in this point was that these samples are representative of the whole CFRP plates they were cut from. More information about the scanning apparatus and the tests can also be found in [6].…”

Section: X-ray Ct Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of mechanical properties of porous CFRP specimens by ANNs and X-ray CT data

2018

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have evolved into the primary material for several lightweight structures. However, despite their extensive use and the quality amelioration, CFRPs remain susceptible to a variety of manufacturing defects, the most common of which are the pores. Predictive tools capable of correlating the mechanical properties of CFRP parts with the characteristics of defects as derived from non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques or even further with the manufacturing parameters could serve as an effective tool for the quality control of CFRP structural parts. In the present paper, the characteristics of pores as evaluated by X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) have been correlated with the matrixdominated mechanical properties of unidirectional porous CFRP specimens using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Thirty (30) porosity scenarios have been created and given as input to the numerical model. That multi-scale numerical model, which had been validated experimentally, has been used for training the ANN model. The predictions of the ANN agree very well with results from mechanical tests. Moving one step forward, a second ANN has been developed to correlate the autoclave pressure directly with the mechanical properties of the CFRP specimens. The validity of the latter ANN depends on the accuracy of the relation between the autoclave pressure and the characteristics of the pores. The present work represents a step towards the development of effective quality control tools for composite materials.

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Section: Workflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Materials and Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of mechanical properties of porous CFRP specimens by ANNs and X-ray CT data

2018

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“…Of great interest in this field, CT scan technology permits the evaluation of the microstructure of the composite material [47][48][49][50][51][52]. In many cases, the combined use of CT scan and mechanical or thermal characterization tests of the composite material allows relations to be established between the microstructure and its macroscopic response [53][54][55][56][57] (Figure 10). As commented in earlier sections, a CT scan is the basis for the generation of exact FEM models, from which numerical simulations of all kinds may be performed [58,59].…”

Section: Use Of Ct Scan Technology In Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Computed Tomography to Explore the Microstructure of Materials in Civil Engineering: From Rocks to Concrete

Vicente¹,

Mínguez²,

González³

2017

Computed Tomography - Advanced Applications

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Computed tomography (CT) is a nondestructive technique, based on absorbing X-rays, that permits the visualisation of the internal microstructure of material. The field of application is very wide. This is a well-known technology in medicine, because of its enormous advantages, but it is also very useful in other fields. Computed tomography is used in palaeontology to study the internal structure of the bones from ancient hominids. In addition, this technology is being used by engineers to analyse the microstructure of materials. Materials engineers use this technology to analyse or develop new materials. Mechanical engineers use CT scans to study the internal defects of materials. Geotechnical engineers use CT scans to study several aspects of the rocks and minerals (cracks, voids, etc). This technology is also very useful to study de microstructure of concrete, especially in case of the new concretes (ultra-high performance concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, etc). In this chapter, an extended state-of-the-art of the most relevant research, related to the use of computed tomography to explore the microstructure of materials in civil and mechanical engineering, is exposed. The main objective of this chapter is that the reader can discover new applications of the computed tomography, different from conventional ones.

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“…Nevertheless, there has been noticed that defects related to the manufacturing process may influence significantly their mechanical performance. These defects may be generated in the matrix, such as porosity or delaminations [1,2] or even in the reinforcement such as the fiber knitting or misalignment [3][4][5][6]. These material properties' degradation alongside with the production cost has been constantly increasing the skepticism of the industry towards them, for example from the vehicle manufacturers as addressed by Mangino et al [7] while, on the other hand, the necessity of using more ecological, high strength and widely produced materials is evident.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the shear properties of thermoplastic composites using the ±45° tension and the V-notched rail shear methods

2020

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Composite materials consisting of thermoplastic matrix are gaining the interest of both the aeronautical and the automotive industry as they comprise a series of advantages regarding their mechanical performance, their recyclability and their ability to be produced in large quantities. Nevertheless, some notable drawbacks have been noticed related to the fabrication process affecting their in-plane shear properties the characterization of which is complicated. Among the notable number of testing methods proposed throughout the years, several advantages and drawbacks were observed, mostly related to the way the load is applied, the stress uniformity and the applicability of each method to various material architectures. In the present work, the modified V-notched rail shear and the ±45° shear testing methods are applied to short and textile glass fiber reinforced thermoplastics aiming to assess the influence of both the fabrication method and the strands direction. Consecutively, the results obtained from the two different testing methods are compared revealing a relatively good agreement while, in parallel, the stress uniformity and the local failures observed on the specimens are analyzed.

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Evaluation of porosity effects on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic unidirectional laminates by X-ray computed tomography and mechanical testing

Cited by 77 publications

References 24 publications

Prediction of mechanical properties of porous CFRP specimens by ANNs and X-ray CT data

Prediction of mechanical properties of porous CFRP specimens by ANNs and X-ray CT data

The Use of Computed Tomography to Explore the Microstructure of Materials in Civil Engineering: From Rocks to Concrete

Assessment of the shear properties of thermoplastic composites using the ±45° tension and the V-notched rail shear methods

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