Evaluation of polycaprolactone scaffold for guided bone regeneration in maxillary and mandibular defects: A clinical study

Abstract

Objective: This study was carried out to assess bone regeneration following the use of polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold in maxillary and mandibular osseous defects. Materials and Methods: This prospective study included ten patients with maxillary or mandibular osseous defects present due to enucleation of periapical cysts or alveolar clefts requiring bone grafting and for lateral ridge augmentation that were treated with PCL scaffold. The patients were assessed clinically for pain, swelling, infection, and graft exposure at 1 week, 3 rd , and 5 th month postoperatively and were also evaluated radiographically for bone fill using intraoral periapical and/or panoramic radiographs at 4 th , 6 th , and 9 th month postoperatively. Results: PCL scaffold was used in a total of six alveolar clefts and three cases of periapical cysts and one case of lateral ridge augmentation. Nine out of ten cases demonstrated wound dehiscence and scaffold exposure in the oral cavity. Radiographically, on comparison to the control regions, all these nine cases failed to demonstrate appreciable bone density gain. Only one case of radicular cyst in the mandible was recorded to have satisfactory healing. Conclusion: Although PCL scaffold has the potential for bone regeneration in osseous defects, the scaffold exhibited marked tendency for dehiscence in intraoral defects that significantly affected bone healing. A long-term study designed with a larger sample size and categorization of the defects is required to assess its efficacy in varied defects. Moreover, comparative evaluation of PCL and autogenous or alloplastic bone grafting material could provide assenting results.

Microbial Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) Scaffold for Periodontal Tissue Engineering

“…Scaffold biomaterials for successful tooth regeneration applications should have some requirements such as being biocompatible, biodegradable, and possess mechanical properties that are consistent with the implanted area as well as being used in the appropriate amount and with an accessible volume of porosities for the diffusion of oxygen, cells, and nutrients [ 6 , 7 ]. To date, many polymeric materials have been reported to create biodegradable scaffolds for dental tissue engineering including poly(lactide) (PLA) [ 8 ], poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) [ 9 , 10 ], and polycaprolactone (PCL) [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Regeneration of Critical‐Sized Mandibular Defects Using 3D‐Printed Composite Scaffolds: A Quantitative Evaluation of New Bone Formation in In Vivo Studies

“…Despite the positive response to the implants, with no pain, swelling or severe inflammation, bone formation within the scaffolds was minimal after 9 months. [ 89 ] This result could be attributed to the inert nature of the scaffold material. It is important to notice that this case study, as mentioned above, reported the clinical treatment of a small defect.…”

Current Applications of Polycaprolactone as a Scaffold Material for Heart Regeneration

“…For example, during tooth extraction, 3D PCL scaffolds inserted into the tooth socket have allowed for improved alveolar ridge preservation and bone healing during clinical trials . Further, PCL scaffolds have been utilized for treatment of facial fracture to promote bone healing. − In one study, 3D-printed, patient-specific PCL scaffolds were fabricated for complex maxillary defects, , thus highlighting the advanced biofabrication that can leveraged with PCL. Cosmetically, PCL-based material has been utilized as a soft tissue filler in various applications such as correction of nasolabial folds, dorsal hand volume loss due to aging and facial lifting. , 3D PCL scaffolds have further been used in clinical rhinoplasty procedures, with 98.0% of patients showing no postoperative infection-related foreign body reaction or distinct abnormal reaction .…”

“…159 Further, PCL scaffolds have been utilized for treatment of facial fracture to promote bone healing. 160−163 In one study, 3D-printed, patient-specific PCL scaffolds were fabricated for complex maxillary defects, 160,161 thus highlighting the advanced biofabrication that can leveraged with PCL. Cosmetically, PCL-based material has been utilized as a soft tissue filler in various applications such as correction of nasolabial folds, 164 dorsal hand volume loss due to aging 165 and facial lifting.…”