Evaluation of PNEC values: extrapolation from microtox®, algae, daphnid, and fish data to HC5

Garay, V; Roman, G.; Isnard, P.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00245-3

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, as a large number of chronic toxicity data are seldom available, there is a need to extrapolate using acute data. Statistical methods cannot be applied to a data set containing only a few acute values but it is possible to derive assessment factors by comparing acute data and PNECs obtained by statistical methods for chemicals with a large number of chronic data (Garay et al, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Analysis of Methods for Assessment of Predicted No-Effect Concentration

Roman¹,

Isnard²,

Jouany

1999

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Analysis of Methods for Assessment of Predicted No-Effect Concentration

Roman¹,

Isnard²,

Jouany

1999

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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“…However, even if the safety factor approach is scientifically not the most preferred methodology (Garay et al 2000;Tannenbaum 2005), and other scientifically more valid methods are available (Pennington 2003;Verdonck et al 2005), the safety factor approach is still applied in the EIF methodology in order to comply with the EU-TGD. Parallel efforts are concentrating on the collection of new toxicity data and updating PNEC values (e.g., Källqvist 2007) to reduce the variation in applied safety factors.…”

Section: Uncertainties In the Eif Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Achievements of risk-based produced water management on the Norwegian continental shelf (2002-2008)

Smit

Frost

Johnsen

2011

Integr Environ Assess Manag

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In 1996, the Norwegian government issued a White Paper requiring the Norwegian oil industry to reach the goal of "zero discharge" for the marine environment by 2005. To achieve this goal, the Norwegian oil and gas industry initiated the Zero Discharge Programme for discharges of produced formation water from the hydrocarbon-containing reservoir, in close communication with regulators. The environmental impact factor (EIF), a risk-based management tool, was developed by the industry to quantify and document the environmental risks from produced water discharges. The EIF represents a volume of recipient water containing concentrations of one or more substances to a level exceeding a generic threshold for ecotoxicological effects. In addition, this tool facilitates the identification and selection of cost-effective risk mitigation measures. The EIF tool has been used by all operators on the Norwegian continental shelf since 2002 to report progress toward the goal of "zero discharge," interpreted as "zero harmful discharges," to the regulators. Even though produced water volumes have increased by approximately 30% between 2002 and 2008 on the Norwegian continental shelf, the total environmental risk from produced water discharges expressed by the summed EIF for all installations has been reduced by approximately 55%. The total amount of oil discharged to the sea has been reduced by 18% over the period 2000 to 2006. The experience from the Zero Discharge Programme shows that a risk-based approach is an excellent working tool to reduce discharges of potential harmful substances from offshore oil and gas installations.

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“…In addition, the FAV was derived based on 15 acute toxicity data in approach 3. Considering the costs of chronic toxicity tests compared to acute toxicity tests, approaches based on the acute toxicity data are attractive alternatives [17], although they are insensitive to effects related to long-term exposures to low concentrations; the PNEC can then be obtained using FAV and FACR. In comparison with the value of FCV (0.61 mg/L) resulted from the chronic toxicity data directly, PNEC (4.00 mg/L) derived from FAV and FACR in approach 3 were approximately seven times higher (Table 4).…”

Section: Topminnow (Poeciliopsis Lucida)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different statistical distribution methods, such as log-normal, log-logistic, log-triangular, and Weibull [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], can be applied for fitting the SSD curve. Compared with the AF method, the statistical extrapolation methods can provide more precise and stable PNEC estimation if a large dataset from long-term tests is available [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic predicted no‐effect‐concentration derivation for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid

Pan

Wang

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), a representative perfluorinated surfactant, is an anthropogenic pollutant detected in various environmental and biological matrices. Some laboratory and field work has been conducted to assess the aquatic toxicity of PFOS, but little is known regarding its toxicity threshold to the aquatic ecosystem. In the present study, predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were derived by four different approaches. The interspecies correlation estimation (ICE) program and final acute-to-chronic ratio (FACR) were applied to the development of PNEC based on the toxic mode of action (MOA) of PFOS. By comparison of the different PNECs, the recommended aquatic toxicity thresholds for PFOS are in the range of 0.61 to 6.66 µg/L. Based on comparison of PNEC values, microcosm results, and reported environmental concentrations, PFOS appears not to pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms. The present results demonstrate that MOA is an important consideration for the derivation of reliable PNECs; moreover, the ICE-based species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method can be used to derive PNECs when toxicological data are limited. The application of MOA and ICE for deriving PNEC values in the present study may facilitate studies on using a combination of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models and ICE to estimate PNECs.

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Evaluation of PNEC values: extrapolation from microtox®, algae, daphnid, and fish data to HC5

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Critical Analysis of Methods for Assessment of Predicted No-Effect Concentration

Critical Analysis of Methods for Assessment of Predicted No-Effect Concentration

Achievements of risk-based produced water management on the Norwegian continental shelf (2002-2008)

Aquatic predicted no‐effect‐concentration derivation for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid

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