Evaluation of phytochemical components from ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia calvoana using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and its antioxidants activities

Iwara, I. A.; Igile, Godwin Oju; Mboso, O E; Mgbeje, B I A; Ebong, P. E.

doi:10.5897/ajpp2017.4846

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The retention times (RT) and relative percent (%) composition of identified components of both VGL and VGS are presented in Table 1. The compounds identified in V. glaberrima (VGL/VGS) are similar to previous GC-MS analysis on V. calvoana leaf ethyl acetate extract [18] and V. cinerea methanol extract [19]. Furthermore, fatty acid esters and aromatic derivatives were identified from the extract of V. arborea as reported [20].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Effects of Vernonia glaberrima n-Hexane Extracts alone and in Combination with Standard Antibiotics

Gangas¹,

Aliyu²,

Oyewale³

2021

JCSN

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The occurrence of drug resistant bacteria warrant investigation on herbal plants for effective antibacterial agents. Vernonia glaberrima leaf (VGL) and stem (VGS) hexane extracts were subjected to analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and subsequently evaluated for antibacterial activity alone and in combination each with Sparfloxacin (SPX) and Ciprofloxacin (CPX) on selected bacteria including resistant species. GC-MS analysis revealed fatty acid esters, triterpenoids and aromatic derivatives largely identified as responsible for the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Both the VGL and VGS demonstrated potent antibacterial activities on P. aeruginosa (29 mm and 27 mm), respectively. However, combination of SPX with VGL potentiated the effects on E. coli and S. typhi by synergistic interaction. Similarly, the efficacy of CFX in combination with VGS on MRSA (30 mm) was significantly enhanced by additive action. It was observed that VGS potentiation of CFX on P. aeruginosa (32 mm) was the most effective antibacterial inhibition recorded in the study. Thus, combination of SPX and CFX each with the extracts has revealed remarkable properties for alternative or complementary therapeutic strategy. Our findings elicit enormous potentials of V. glaberrima hexane extracts as treatment adjuncts for combating drug resistant bacteria. It will be interesting to evaluate in vivo effects of extracts in combination with antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Effects of Vernonia glaberrima n-Hexane Extracts alone and in Combination with Standard Antibiotics

Gangas¹,

Aliyu²,

Oyewale³

2021

JCSN

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“…The leaf ethyl acetate extract of V. calvoana harvested from the South-South Nigeria contains largely aromatic compounds such as ethyl benzene (22%) and 1,2,3-trimethyl benzene (12.5%). FRAP inhibitions on extract (1.98 μM) and ascorbic acid (2.0 μM) were more effective than on DPPH [49]. Although the inhibition on DPPH by plant extracts have been promising but chloroform extract of D. oliveri exudate showed rather poor (IC 50 of 15.5 μgmL −1 ) when compared to α-Tocopherol (0.25 μgmL −1 ) [50].…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity 61 Gc-ms Analmentioning

confidence: 92%

Antioxidants from Nigerian Medicinal Plants: What Are the Evidence?

Aliyu¹,

Achika²,

Adewuyi³

et al. 2020

Lipid Peroxidation Research

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The search for natural antioxidants from plants would continue to be a dominant research interest for many years. This is because of the increasing understanding on the role of oxidative stress in damaging cell structures such as DNA, due to over production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human systems, which are linked to inflammation, cancer and diabetes. However, phenolic compounds especially from phytochemicals or vegetable foods play important roles in reducing the risk of these diseases and reinforces the importance of natural antioxidants in human health. These antioxidant molecules neutralize or quench the ROS by either hydrogen atom transfer or single electron transfer mechanisms. Thus, the capacity to scavenge ROS and free radicals or inhibits lipid peroxidation is measured quantitatively as the strength of antioxidant activity. Several chemical and biochemical protocols have been used in the evaluation of plant extracts as antioxidants. Overwhelming literature reports have indicated varying degrees of antioxidant efficacies of extracts from Nigerian medicinal plants in comparison to synthetic antioxidants. These efficacies were analyzed to provide insight into the strength of antioxidant activity. This chapter reviewed 250 Nigerian medicinal plants in search of evidence for effective antioxidants.

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“…It has a role as a plant metabolite. It is reported for antioxidant properties [60]. Isobutanol is an alkyl alcohol substituted by a methyl group at position 2.…”

Section: -Methyltridecane and Isobutyl Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Wild Antheraea mylitta Silkworm Cocoons

Ahamad¹,

Neetha²,

Vootla³

2021

Moths and Caterpillars

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The wild silkworm Antheraea mylitta is grown and cultivated in several parts of India ranging from Bihar to West Bengal and several parts of Telangana. The wild silkworm rearing has been a source of income for the tribal populations who rely on it as income source; the intervention of government agencies has increased the cultivation. Our research involves understanding the secondary metabolites in the silkworm Cocoons and elucidating how the pupa survives the harsh environment during pupal diapause of the insect. We have realized the role of insect repellent compounds and other metabolites and their interaction with the insect. Wild silkworm Cocoons are the specialized natural structures constructed by Antheraea mylitta silkworms. They are the protein composites of sericin and fibroin as a structural material. The silkworm cocoons are presumed to be evolved structures through the course of evolution over millions of years. This chapter focuses on Biophysical analysis of chemical compounds, proteins and other secondary metabolites traced in the Wild Antheraea mylitta Tasar cocoons which are predicted to be the key factors to achieve the unique structural and chemical barriers to protect the pupa within the cocoons.

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Evaluation of phytochemical components from ethyl acetate fraction of Vernonia calvoana using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and its antioxidants activities

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Effects of Vernonia glaberrima n-Hexane Extracts alone and in Combination with Standard Antibiotics

GC-MS Analysis and Antibacterial Effects of Vernonia glaberrima n-Hexane Extracts alone and in Combination with Standard Antibiotics

Antioxidants from Nigerian Medicinal Plants: What Are the Evidence?

Bioactive Secondary Metabolites of Wild Antheraea mylitta Silkworm Cocoons

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