Evaluation of Phytochemical and in vitro Antimicrobial Effects of Solanum lycopersicum Linn. (Tomato) on Oral Thrush and Human Cariogenic Pathogens

Umar, Mulawan; Zubairu, Ahmed; Hamisu, H. S.; Mohammed, I.A.; Oko, J. O.; Abdulkarim, I. M.; Salisu, A; Yaya, A. A.; Aliko, Ardita

doi:10.9734/jamps/2016/31456

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…The use of synthetic and chemically based drugs in the treatment of various bacterial diseases leads to a long-term complication to the recipients, since most of the chemically synthetic drugs possess serious side effects that might make their disadvantages to outweigh their advantages, because some chemical constituents can be carcinogenic, cytolytic or cytotoxic when administered in large doses. Therefore, the use of ethnomedicinal or natural plants as substitutes of chemically synthetic drugs is imperative in order to prevent negative side effects and toxicity of the orthodox drugs with the natural means of treatment [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, gastrointestinal disorders, dysentery, diarrhoea and candidiasis are very serious infections that can lead to frequent morbidity and mortality in tropical countries like Nigeria. These disorders are serious diseases that can affect many people at various stages of their lives causing distress and discomfort [1]. Sometimes, the disorder can even lead to hospitalization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Analysis of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) Leaf Extracts

Umar

Nkemelu

Sagir

et al. 2019

AJRIMPS

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Aim: The phytochemical screening, antibacterial activities and in vivo toxicity of extracts of the leaves of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) were investigated. Methods: All the analyses were carried out using standard scientific procedures using Soxhlet extraction, well-diffusion agar antimicrobial testing and in vivo acute toxicity testing. Results: The phytochemical analysis according to standard screening tests using conventional protocols revealed the presence of anthraquinone, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and alkaloids, which were detected in methanol extract analyzed. But, flavonoids, glycosides, phlobatannins and steroids were not detected in the methanol extracts analyzed. While only flavonoids were detected in chloroform extract. All other phytochemicals were absent. The extract fractions generally exhibited slight antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhi and Escherichia coli. But, the extracts showed no effect against Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration of O. gratissimum was determined with S. aureus and B. cereus recording MICs at the lowest concentration (12.5 mg/mL) of the methanol and chloroform extracts used. While methanol and chloroform extracts were found to have recorded moderate activity S. Typhi and E. coli at the MIC of 50mg/mL. The methanol and chloroform extract recorded MBC of 50 mg/mL on B. subtilis and S. Typhi. However, Salmonella Typhi was inhibited at the concentration of 100 mg/mL of chloroform scent leaf extract. The MICs of C. albicans were not determined in the methanol and chloroform scent leaf extracts analyzed. The in vivo toxicity of O. gratissimum extracts against albino rats revealed that the plant extracts were found to exhibit mild toxicity at higher doses, but the overall remark showed that the plant extract was safe at various concentrations. Conclusions: The plant can be used in the treatment of various diseases caused by the test microbes, and the plant has less toxicity when administered orally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Analysis of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) Leaf Extracts

Umar

Nkemelu

Sagir

et al. 2019

AJRIMPS

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“…We found a high percentage of growth inhibition (≥100%) against these bacteria at a concentration of 500 mg/L. Only one study, conducted in Nigeria, has previously evaluated the antimicrobial effect of tomatoes against S. mutans (19). The authors reported that aqueous and methanolic extracts had no inhibitory effect on this microorganism at various concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Of note, all the five different extracts tested (i.e., chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and sulfuric acid) were active against C. albicans, except for the ethyl acetate extract. Other studies have found no growth-inhibiting activity of tomato fruit aqueous and methanolic extracts against C. albicans (19,22). Hence, the contrasting results might be attributed to the solvents used in the extraction protocols, as it has been shown that the solubility of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in tomato extracts largely depends on the solvent polarity (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Antioxidant and Inhibitory Capacity of Tomato Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans

Mendoza

Arias-Londoño

Garzón

et al. 2022

Vitae

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Background: Tomato is a source of bioactive compounds, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. Tomato leaf preparations have been empirically used for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic, and antiseptic purposes. However, research on the potential activity of tomato leaf extracts against oral microorganisms and in managing oropharyngeal infections is scarce. Objective: To investigate tomato leaf ethanolic extract’s antioxidant and growth inhibitory capacity against common oral pathogenic microorganisms, namely, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans. Methods: Ethanolic extracts were made from ‘Chonto’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves. The antimicrobial activity was measured with the microdilution technique using vancomycin and fluconazole as positive controls. The antioxidant capacity was measured with the ORAC assay using Trolox as a positive control. Results: We found a high percentage of growth inhibition (≥100%) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis at a concentration of 500 mg/L. However, the extract was ineffective in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. Finally, we observed that the extract exerted a high antioxidant capacity (126%) compared to the positive control. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the potential antimicrobial effect of tomato leaf extracts on common oral pathogenic bacteria, which may ultimately result in the development of new herbal products that might help prevent and treat oral infections, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Our findings also support previous studies on the high antioxidant capacity of tomato leaf extracts.

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“…(11 ± 0.12) [251]. At 0.5 mg/ml acetone and methanol extracts exhibited activity against against S. pyogenes [252].…”

Section: Yam (Dioscorea Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Management Approach for Possible Prevention of COVID-19 Infection and Transmission in Sub-Saharan and Biodiversity Endowed Countries

Fonmboh

Fokunang

Ndasi

et al. 2021

JOCAMR

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The causative etiology of the viral pneumonia outbreak in the Wuhan province of China of December 2019 initially identified as “novel-Coronavirus-2019” and today called “Corona Virus Disease-2019 has been identified as “severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)”. Tireless efforts have therefore been invested to elaborate a treatment and/ or vaccine though with much controversy due to the lack of proper mastery of the structure, mode of action, mutation, recombination and transmission mechanism of the virus. Numerous public health measures have thus been imposed to slow down the rate of invasion and/or transmission (regular hand washing, face mask wearing, quarantine as well as method of diagnosis and symptomatic treatment) and now a convinent and acceptable treatment protocol and/ or vaccine. With the difficulties encountered in the development of an effective and efficient control and / or preventive towards the virus even in the western world, countries in sub-Saharan Africa, especially those in the tropics like Cameroon will endure sigficant consequences due to limited funds, technology, equipment and experts. It is therefore imperative to exploit other possibilities as the recombination rate and mutation possibilities within the genome of SARS-CoV-2 is indicative that, the 2019 outbreak was just a tip of the iceberg as more virulent variants beyond Delta variants, are still to emerge. One of such suitable and affordable possibilities is to nutritionally fortify and prepared the body to fight against infection. Zinc, Copper and Sellenium are essential micronutrients with demonstrated viral chelating activities found in selected commond foods which in adequate amounts will strengthen the immune system and tonify the body energy. A non-exhaustive list of common foods rich in the indicated micronutrients as well as those endowed with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties have been established from an extensive literature search in order to emphasize on the regular consumption.

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Evaluation of Phytochemical and in vitro Antimicrobial Effects of Solanum lycopersicum Linn. (Tomato) on Oral Thrush and Human Cariogenic Pathogens

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Analysis of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) Leaf Extracts

Evaluation of Phytochemical, Antimicrobial Activities and Toxicological Analysis of Scent Leaf (Ocimum gratissimum L.) Leaf Extracts

Antioxidant and Inhibitory Capacity of Tomato Leaf Ethanolic Extract against Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans

Nutritional Management Approach for Possible Prevention of COVID-19 Infection and Transmission in Sub-Saharan and Biodiversity Endowed Countries

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