Evaluation of physicochemical water parameters in watersheds of southern Brazil

Abstract

Water-quality monitoring is one of the main instruments for water-resource management. This work therefore evaluated the water quality of the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant as well as the relationship between physicochemical water parameters, and analyzed the seasonal variation of water quality parameters as a function of rainfall. The study area encompassed the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant, formed mainly by the drainage areas of the Pelotas stream and its tributary, the Quilombo Stream, located in the city of Pelotas - Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A set of 118,368 data points for each stream was analyzed between 2007 and 2012. The following water quality parameters were evaluated: turbidity, temperature, color, pH, hardness, dissolved oxygen, organic matter, and alkalinity. Results showed that dissolved oxygen and water pH values conformed with Brazilian legislation in the 6 years evaluated. However, water color was the parameter that remained the greatest number of days above the set limits, mainly in the Pelotas Stream. Result indicates the need for conservation actions in the catchment, especially considering the importance of color for the assessment of water quality for public supply, in terms of both treatment costs and of public health. Highest values for water color, turbidity, and organic matter coincided with the occurrence of the highest rainfall values. Agricultural activities may potentiate sedimentation in the contribution basin of the Sinnott water treatment plant.

Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity

“…Therefore, the liquid water molecules possibly become more disordered in tap water, taking more energy to decrease this entropy as well as increasing the temperature [47][48][49]. Although we used an ice bath to keep the temperature as fixed as possible at 4 • C, during the ozonation process, some decreases occurred with values close to 0 • C. Taking this into consideration and the fact that physicochemical water parameters in Brazil are usually associated with the dispersion of a high amount of organic matter in the rivers, especially during rainfall season [50], ions (Ca 2+ , K + , and Na + ) commonly encountered in soils are notorious for depressing the freezing point of water [48,49].…”