Evaluation of phototoxicity of tattoo pigments using the 3 T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test and a 3D human reconstructed skin model

Kim, So Young; Seo, Sowoon; Choi, Ki Hwan; Yun, Jaesuk

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104813

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The results were expressed as a percentage of untreated control cell and concentration dependent curves in the presence and absence of light. The photo-irritation-factor (PIF) was calculated with concentration (obtained by the software Phototox Version 2.0) of the test material causing a 50% release of the preloaded Neutral Red without irradiation (IC 50 -Irr) and with irradiation (IC 50 +Irr) as compared to the control culture using the following formula ( Kim et al., 2020 ).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral avoidance and biological safety of vetiver oil and its constituents against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Nararak

Giorgio²,

Thanispong³

et al. 2022

Current Research in Insect Science

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…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral avoidance and biological safety of vetiver oil and its constituents against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Nararak

Giorgio²,

Thanispong³

et al. 2022

Current Research in Insect Science

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“…Moreover, the use of a mouse cell line has been criticized and the substitution of 3T3 cell line with human keratinocytes was proposed, to provide a more realistic experimental model with respect to the human situation (Clothier et al 1999 ; Maciel et al 2019 ). To date, 3D human skin models represent a flexible tool to investigate skin alterations after chemical exposure, including phototoxicity, since they take into account also some relevant in vivo parameters as skin penetration or stratum corneum barrier function (uco Dayane et al 2018 ; Kim et al 2020 ). In this respect, the new OECD TG 498 (OECD 2021a ) fully reflects these aspects; it is based on the in vitro test system of the RhE, which closely mimics biochemical and physiological properties of the human epidermis (Dellambra et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Topical Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi

2022

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Alternative methods to animal use in toxicology are evolving with new advanced tools and multilevel approaches, to answer from one side to 3Rs requirements, and on the other side offering relevant and valid tests for drugs and chemicals, considering also their combination in test strategies, for a proper risk assessment.While stand-alone methods, have demonstrated to be applicable for some specific toxicological predictions with some limitations, the new strategy for the application of New Approach Methods (NAM), to solve complex toxicological endpoints is addressed by Integrated Approaches for Testing and Assessment (IATA), aka Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) or Defined Approaches for Testing and Assessment (DA). The central challenge of evidence integration is shared with the needs of risk assessment and systematic reviews of an evidence-based Toxicology. Increasingly, machine learning (aka Artificial Intelligence, AI) lends itself to integrate diverse evidence streams.In this article, we give an overview of the state of the art of alternative methods and IATA in toxicology for regulatory use for various hazards, outlining future orientation and perspectives. We call on leveraging the synergies of integrated approaches and evidence integration from in vivo, in vitro and in silico as true in vivitrosi.

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“…8,19 Study of photosensitization, clinical diagnostics The Neutral Red Phototoxicity Method (3T3 NRU PT) is generally used to test phototoxicity as an in vitro test for soluble compounds. 42 3T3 NRU phototoxicity test is designed to assess cytotoxicity of test substances in the presence or absence of UV light. Cytotoxicity is expressed as the concentration-dependent decrease in the uptake of the neutral red, measured 24 hours after treatment with test compound and irradiation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in this uptake can be measured by spectrophotometry, which allows the distinction and quantification between viable, damaged, or dead cells. 42 Guinea pigs are commonly used to test for photoallergy in vivo, while GLP-compliant testing for photocarcinogenicity employs SKH1 bald albino mouse model. 43 The European Dermatology Forum (EURODERM) has developed guidelines for clinical trials.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosensitivity Reactions Induced by Photochemical Degradation of Drugs

et al. 2021

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Photochemical degradation of drugs can lead to degradation products with potential toxic or allergizing effects for the human body. A significant amount of work has been carried out over the past few decades to clarify the molecular mechanism of photosensitizing processes observed after the administration of certain drugs and exposure to light. There is a close relation between the photosensitizer effect of a drug and its chemical structure. Compounds possessing certain moieties and functional groups in their molecular structure, like aromatic chromophore systems or photo-dissociable bonds that can form free radicals, and consequently are susceptible to have light-induced adverse effects. Photoionization, photodissociation, photoaddition and photoisomerization are the main chemical processes, which can occur during the photochemical decomposition of a pharmaceutical compound. The current study is a short review describing photochemical degradation of certain pharmaceuticals, presenting specific examples from various pharmaceutical classes for the different types of decomposition mechanisms. In vivo methods and clinical tests available for the investigation of photosensitizing reactions are also discussed.

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Evaluation of phototoxicity of tattoo pigments using the 3 T3 neutral red uptake phototoxicity test and a 3D human reconstructed skin model

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Behavioral avoidance and biological safety of vetiver oil and its constituents against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Behavioral avoidance and biological safety of vetiver oil and its constituents against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex quinquefasciatus Say

Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi

Photosensitivity Reactions Induced by Photochemical Degradation of Drugs

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