Evaluation of periodontal status in different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome in untreated patients of early reproductive age: A case–control study

Abstract

Aim A few studies demonstrated an increased risk of periodontal disease in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the periodontal status in women of reproductive age who were recently diagnosed with different phenotypes of PCOS. Methods This prospectively designed cross‐sectional case–control study included 116 consecutive subjects with PCOS and 90 healthy volunteers, aged between 18 and 24, who were admitted to the gynecology polyclinic between April 2018 and December 2018. All subjects of PCOS diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria were subdivided into four phenotypes based on clinical, biochemical and ultrasonographic parameters according to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health. The same dentist investigated periodontal parameters including plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing (%), probing depth, clinical attachment loss and the decayed, missing, filled teeth index. Results Probing depth, a periodontal parameter, was higher in all sub‐phenotypes of the PCOS group compared to the control group. There was no difference in other periodontal parameters. Conclusion Periodontal probing depth, which is an important parameter in the diagnosis of periodontal diseases, was higher in all phenotypic subgroups of PCOS in early reproductive age.

Is There a Bidirectional Association between Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Periodontitis? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Out of these 19 articles which were subjected to full paper review eligibility, 7 articles were excluded as they did not address the research questions ( Supplementary Table S1 ). As a result, a final number of 12 case-control studies [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ] met all of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included for qualitative synthesis ( Figure 1 ). Interexaminer reliability at the full-text screening was considered very substantial (kappa score = 1.00).…”

“…The RoB for observational studies, with Newcastle-Ottawa scale, varied across the studies, ranging from 7 to 9 stars ( Supplementary Table S2 ). After appraisal, four articles presented the highest score (9/9) [ 15 , 19 , 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, six articles scored 8/9 [ 16 , 17 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

“…For the BoP analysis, ten studies were included to investigate the association of PCOS on gingival bleeding [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 33 , 34 , 36 ]. Five studies compared BoP levels of PD patients with and without PCOS [ 16 , 17 , 21 , 33 , 34 ], four studies compared BoP levels of non-PD patients with and without PCOS [ 17 , 21 , 34 , 36 ] and four studies compared BoP between PCOS and controls [ 14 , 15 , 19 , 22 ] ( Figure 4 ). Overall, this analysis had 594 and 490 individuals with PCOS and without PCOS, respectively.…”

“…Over the last decade, cross-sectional evidence has suggested that PCOS patients may be more prone to develop periodontitis [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] and with higher local levels of OS [ 14 , 17 ]. Also, a randomized clinical trial showed that nonsurgical periodontal therapy together with myo-inositol therapy contributed to a higher decrease of systemic inflammatory levels compared with myo-inositol solely in women with PCOS and periodontitis [ 23 ].…”

Assessment of Bidirectional Relationships Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Periodontitis: Insights From a Mendelian Randomization Analysis

“…Emerging studies have proposed the association between PCOS and periodontitis (Kellesarian et al, 2017;Machado et al, 2020;Marquez-Arrico et al, 2020). As an essential parameter in the diagnosis of periodontitis, periodontal probing depth (PPD) was higher in PCOS in one recent cross-sectional research (Isik et al, 2020). The latest meta-analysis (Machado et al, 2020) suggested that patients with PCOS were at 28% higher odds of having periodontitis, and periodontitis increased the odds of PCOS by 46% (both P < 0.001).…”