Evaluation of periodontal status and cytokine levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

ENVER, Ayaz; Özmeriç, Nurdan; İşler, Sıla Çağrı; Törüner, Murat; Fidan, Çiğdem; Demirci, Gülşah; Elgün, Serenay; Silva, Andre Paes Batista da

doi:10.1002/jper.22-0065

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Although a previous study showed higher salivary IL-1β and TNF-α levels in Crohn’s patients in comparison to systemically healthy controls, no information on the oral health status of the participants was given [ 28 ]. Indeed, similar to our findings, when the salivary samples were collected from individuals with healthy periodontium, no significant difference was observed in IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α levels between Crohn’s patients and healthy controls [ 29 ]. In inflammatory bowel disease patients, gingival and intestinal tissue Th17 cytokine expression profiles differ from each other [ 30 ], which indicates that the systemic condition is not the only determinant of oral cytokine expression, but the local environment, i.e., oral microbiome, also plays a significant role.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Salivary Th17 cytokine, human β-defensin 1–3, and salivary scavenger and agglutinin levels in Crohn’s disease

Gürsoy,

Loimaranta

et al. 2024

Clin Oral Invest

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Objectives Crohn’s disease patients, who are prone to develop periodontal diseases, may carry genetic defects in their Th17 cytokine, human beta-defensin (hBD) 1–3, and salivary and scavenger agglutinin (SALSA) expressions. Biochemical composition of saliva reflects the oral consequences of systemic immune response modifications. Our aim was to evaluate the salivary Th17 cytokine, epithelial hBD 1–3, and SALSA levels in relation to Crohn’s disease. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study included 42 Crohn’s disease patients and 34 systemically healthy controls. Periodontal and dental indexes were measured, and stimulated saliva samples were collected. Salivary Th17 cytokine levels were analyzed by multiplex technique, and hBD 1–3 and SALSA levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results There were 19 gingivitis and 11 initial periodontitis patients in the Crohn’s disease group, and 15 gingivitis and 4 initial periodontitis in the control group. In comparison to controls, higher salivary Th17 cytokine levels were observed in Crohn’s disease patients. No statistical difference was observed between Crohn’s disease and control groups in terms of their salivary hBD 1–3 and SALSA levels. Based on the regression analysis, there is no independent association between Crohn’s disease and salivary Th17 cytokine levels. Conclusions Crohn’s disease does not relate to salivary antimicrobial hBD 1–3 or SALSA levels. While Crohn’s disease patients have higher salivary Th17 cytokine levels in comparison to systemically healthy controls, an independent association between Crohn’s disease and Th17 cytokine profile is still missing. Clinical relevance Diminished Th17 cytokine response in Crohn’s disease, which might be related to genetic susceptibility, can be also visualized in saliva.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Salivary Th17 cytokine, human β-defensin 1–3, and salivary scavenger and agglutinin levels in Crohn’s disease

Gürsoy,

Loimaranta

et al. 2024

Clin Oral Invest

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“…The latter served as a contributor in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease, thus accounting for the occurrence of periodontitis in patients with UC ( 90 ). Another study similarly demonstrated an increase of IL-1β in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with UC ( 91 ). In addition, Enver et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In addition, Enver et al. found that TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the saliva of patients with UC diagnosed with periodontitis, along with a reduction of IL-10 levels ( 91 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral manifestations serve as potential signs of ulcerative colitis: A review

Wu²,

Xie³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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As an immune dysregulation-related disease, although ulcerative colitis (UC) primarily affects the intestinal tract, extraintestinal manifestations of the disease are evident, particularly in the oral cavity. Herein, we have reviewed the various oral presentations, potential pathogenesis, and treatment of oral lesions related to UC. The oral manifestations of UC include specific and nonspecific manifestations, with the former including pyostomatitis vegetans and the latter encompassing recurrent aphthous ulcers, atrophic glossitis, burning mouth syndrome, angular cheilitis, dry mouth, taste change, halitosis, and periodontitis. Although the aetiology of UC has not been fully determined, the factors leading to its development include immune system dysregulation, dysbiosis, and malnutrition. The principle of treating oral lesions in UC is to relieve pain, accelerate the healing of lesions, and prevent secondary infection, and the primary procedure is to control intestinal diseases. Systemic corticosteroids are the preferred treatment options, besides, topical and systemic administration combined with dietary guidance can also be applied. Oral manifestations of UC might accompany or precede the diagnosis of UC, albeit with the absence of intestinal symptoms; therefore, oral lesions, especially pyostomatitis vegetans, recurrent aphthous ulcer and periodontitis, could be used as good mucocutaneous signs to judge the occurrence and severity of UC, thus facilitating the early diagnosis and treatment of UC and avoiding severe consequences, such as colon cancer.

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“…Acharya et al showed a positive correlation between IL-6 and BOP%, suggesting a strong proinflammatory effect that enhances alveolar bone destruction and affects vascular homeostasis [53] . Studies by Enver et al, Gündoğar et al, and Al-Hamoudi et al have also revealed that IL-1β levels increase and IL-10 levels decrease in the presence of periodontitis, leading to dysregulation of the expression of inflammatory cytokines [54][55][56] . Hoare et al and Bakhsh et al have reported an increase in the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in gingival tissue samples [57,58] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Immunoaffinity-enriched salivary small extracellular vesicles in periodontitis

Liu,

Seneviratne,

Palma

et al. 2023

Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucleic Acids

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Aim: Saliva extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as a significant reservoir of biomarkers that may be of clinical use in disease diagnosis. Saliva, however, contains EVs of both host- and bacterial- origin. Identifying suitable EVs for disease diagnosis involves enriching host EVs and limiting non-host contamination with effective isolation methods. The objectives of this research were: (1) to evaluate the salivary EVs enrichment in 12 periodontally healthy patients by two different methods: size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and bead-based immunoaffinity capture (EXO-NET®); (2) to analyze the variance expression of inflammatory cytokines in EXO-NET-enriched EVs, comparing individuals with periodontitis (n = 20) to non-periodontitis (n = 12). Methods: Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 12 periodontally healthy and 20 periodontitis patients. EVs were isolated from the 12 non-periodontitis patients using SEC (referred to as SEC-EVs) and EXO-NET (referred to as EXO-NET EVs), after which their total protein content, 37 EV surface markers, and bacterial pathogens expression were compared. Subsequently, the inflammatory cytokines expression levels (interleukin-IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10) in EXO-NET EVs were measured for non-periodontitis and periodontitis. Results: EXO-NET EVs contained more EV-specific protein and substantially higher expression of EV surface markers (CD9, CD81, CD63), but less pathogenic DNA was detected compared to that in SEC-EVs. Additionally, EXO-NET EVs from periodontitis patients contained higher amounts of IL-6 and IL-8, and decreased IL-10, compared to those from non-periodontitis patients. Conclusion: The findings suggest that immunoaffinity capture (EXO-NET) is a dependable method for salivary EVs enrichment, resulting in a higher yield of host EVs with reduced bacterial DNA detection compared to SEC. Furthermore, the research proposes that immunoaffinity capture enriched EVs can function as biomarkers for periodontitis, demonstrated by an increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines from periodontitis patients.

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Evaluation of periodontal status and cytokine levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract: In the presence of periodontal diseases in UC and CD, altered cytokine responses may be observed.

Cited by 7 publications

References 45 publications

Salivary Th17 cytokine, human β-defensin 1–3, and salivary scavenger and agglutinin levels in Crohn’s disease

Salivary Th17 cytokine, human β-defensin 1–3, and salivary scavenger and agglutinin levels in Crohn’s disease

Oral manifestations serve as potential signs of ulcerative colitis: A review

Immunoaffinity-enriched salivary small extracellular vesicles in periodontitis

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