Evaluation of Patients with Lung Cancer Treated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor

Abstract

Epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is currently the standard therapy for EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Gefitinib is the first EGFR-TKI marketed in Indonesia and has been used since 2012 in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Although the drug had shown some positive results, the overall treatment outcome for Indonesian patients has not been reported yet. The aim of the study is to evaluate the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and subjective response of gefitinib as first-line treatment in advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. This retrospective study includes all eligible patients treated from 2013 to 2016. Demographic data, performance status, tumor histopathologic types, treatment response, and adverse effects (AEs) during the treatment course were collected from patient's medical records. Objective response was based on RECIST 1.1. Quality of life was assessed using Eq. 5D questionnaire. From evaluable data of 63 patients, median PFS was 8.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI: 6.50–10.2) with median OS of 16 months (95% CI: 11.9–20.2). Eq. 5D scores were decreased in 21 (33.3%) patients, stable in 22 (34.9%), and increased in 20 (31.7%). The most common side effects were itchy skin rash in 52 (82%) patients and diarrhea in 29 (46%). Gefitinib as first-line therapy provides a good objective response and is generally well tolerated in patients with EGFR-mutated NSCLC in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital.

Survival Rate of Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Receiving EGFR - Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Targeted Therapy

“…This is similar to the study by Wulandari et al, in which was stated that the most common side effects in Gefitinib patients were rash in 52 patients (82%) and diarrhea in 29 patients (46%). This is supported by another study which found that the side effect profile of Gefitinib, in general, was frequent skin rashes (85.06%) and diarrhea (54%), and the side effect which often caused death was interstitial lung disease (1.3%) (21).…”

Ethanolic Extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. Inhibits Cell Migration of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells (A549) by Downregulation of Integrin αvβ3, α5β1, and VEGF

“…More than 85% of all lung cancers are non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Adenocarcinoma is one type of NSCLC and is the most common type of lung cancer, in all patients and among non-smokers, globally [1]. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are conventional therapies that are still applied to reduce or delay deaths from NSCLC [2].…”

“…The side effects of therapy have prompted scientists to find innovative sources of new anti-cancer compounds from natural sources, including traditional herbal plants [1,5]. Herbal plants can provide beneficial effects through natural bioactive compounds found in tumor cases, including helping to overcome side effects or intrinsic radioresistance, preventing metastases, and improving quality of life and patient survival rates [6].…”