Evaluation of Parental Nasomaxillary Asymmetry as a Risk Factor for Development of Palatal Clefts in their Offsprings

Abstract

Background and Objectives : It has been suggested previously that increased width of midfacial structure is associated with the development of palatal clefting. One of the most important heritable characteristics predisposing towards the development of orofacial clefting in an embryo is craniofacial morphology. The aim of the study was to compare nasomaxillary width of parents of children with unilateral complete cleft lip alveolus and palate with parents of noncleft children.

What’s Shape Got to Do With It? Examining the Relationship Between Facial Shape and Orofacial Clefting

“…These studies employ a variety of methods including cephalometry ( Coccaro et al, 1972 ; Kurisu et al, 1974 ; Shibasaki et al, 1978 ; Nakasima and Ichinose, 1983 , 1984 ; Procházková and Tolarová, 1986 ; Sato, 1989 ; Ward et al, 1989 , 1994 ; Raghavan et al, 1994 ; Procházková and Vinšová, 1995 ; Laatikainen et al, 1996 ; Mossey et al, 1998 ; AlEmran et al, 1999 ; Suzuki et al, 1999 ; McIntyre and Mossey, 2003 ; Perkiomaki et al, 2003 ; Chatzistavrou et al, 2004 ; McIntyre and Mossey, 2004 ; Yoon et al, 2004 ), direct anthropometry ( Figalová and Šmahel, 1974 ; Blanco et al, 1992 ), 2D photogrammetry ( Erickson, 1974 ) and 3D surface imaging ( Weinberg et al, 2008 , 2009 ; Miller et al, 2014 ; Roosenboom et al, 2017 ; Indencleef et al, 2021 ). A distinct subset of these studies is also focused on measuring patterns of craniofacial asymmetry in at-risk relatives ( Pashayan and Fraser, 1971 ; Farkas and Cheung, 1979 ; Sigler and Ontiveros et al, 1999 ; McIntyre and Mossey, 2002a , 2010 ; Yoon et al, 2003 ; Kumar et al, 2010 ; Miller et al, 2014 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ). These studies cover a diverse array of populations, including individuals of East Asian, European, and Latin American Admixed ancestry.…”