Evaluation of Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp and Three Halophytic Plants in Marine Aquaponic Systems under Three Salinities

Chu, Yu-Ting; Brown, Paul B.

doi:10.3390/su13010269

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…To manage the water quality well, a robust microbial community is indispensable in aquaponics. Promoting the establishment of microbial flora by inoculation of probiotics or inoculations from mature water, used-biomedia, or biofloc from stabilized systems to new systems are efficient practices (Otoshi et al, 2011;Xu and Pan, 2012;Pinheiro et al, 2020;Chu and Brown, 2021). Xu and Pan (2012) inoculated bioflocs, characterized by Bacillus sp.…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the potential animal species, the Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) appears to have potential in the shortterm as global production was second highest among aquaculture industries in 2018 (FAO, 2020) (4966.2 thousand metric tons) and they display rapid growth (FAO, 2006), high market price (Ross et al, 2017) and strong global demand (FAO, 2020). Whiteleg shrimp are tolerant of a wide range of salinities (Gao et al, 2016;Ray and Lotz, 2017;Pinheiro et al, 2020;Chu and Brown, 2021) and stocking densities (Otoshi et al, 2007;Krummenauer et al, 2011;Araneda et al, 2020) (90 to 600 shrimp/m 2 ) making them strong candidates for marine aquaponics. Further, shrimp might alleviate the "economic drain" of fish raised in freshwater aquaponic systems (Quagrainie et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Halophytes (salt-tolerant plants) only represent 2% of terrestrial plant species and most of them are not common commodities; however, they have been used for many purposes such as food and forage crops, oilseeds, phytoremediation and medicinal purposes (Glenn et al, 1998(Glenn et al, , 1999Ventura and Sagi, 2013;Panta et al, 2014;Panth et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2017). Red orache (Atriplex hortensis), okahijiki (Salsola komarovii), and minutina (Plantago coronopus) are edible halophytes that possess high nutrient concentrations (protein, amino acids, vitamins, and minerals) and have been successfully raised in marine aquaponics (Chu and Brown, 2021). However, the ratio of subsystem components, which will impact the flow of nutrients and health of subsystem taxa, has not been evaluated in marine aquaponic food production systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Marine Aquaponics: Effects of Shrimp to Plant Ratios and C/N Ratios

Chu

Brown

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Integrated aquaponic food production systems are capable of producing more food on less land using less water than conventional food systems, and marine systems offer the potential of conserving freshwater resources. However, there have been few evaluations of species combinations or operational parameters in marine aquaponics. The goal of this experiment was evaluation of stocking density ratio of Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to three edible halophytes (Atriplex hortensis, Salsola komarovii, and Plantago coronopus) with two C/N ratios in a 3 × 2 factorial design. There were three stocking density ratios (shrimp: plant), 2:1, 3:1, and 5:1; and two C/N ratios, 12 and 15. The results indicated that stocking density ratio exerted a significant impact on shrimp growth. Shrimp reared in 2:1 and 3:1 treatments had better growth performance. In contrast, plants were affected by both stocking density ratio and C/N ratio. Halophytes grown in stocking density ratios of 3:1 and 5:1 with a C/N ratio of 15 had better growth performance and nutrient content. The concentrations of TAN and NO2– were below 0.2 mg/L throughout the experiment, including the higher stocking density ratio treatments. In conclusion, the stocking density ratio of 3:1 with a C/N ratio of 15 was suggested as the optimal condition for the operation of marine aquaponics in which whiteleg shrimp and the three halophytes are target crops.

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Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable Marine Aquaponics: Effects of Shrimp to Plant Ratios and C/N Ratios

Chu

Brown

2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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“…However, many other species such as rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ), largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), tambaqui ( Colossoma macropomum ) or barramundi ( Lates calcarifer ) are potentially suitable 1,93,96 . Even brackish or saltwater species and crustaceans in combination with complementary plant species may present opportunities to widen the scope of aquaponic production 97,98 …”

Section: Coupling Degree—quantitative Aspects Of the Aquaponic Unit Couplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,93,96 Even brackish or saltwater species and crustaceans in combination with complementary plant species may present opportunities to widen the scope of aquaponic production. 97,98 Microbially converted metabolic emissions from fish and 'uneaten feed and organisms (e.g. bacteria, fungi and algae) that grow in the system' 1 play an important role as a nutrient source for plants in the coupling of both units.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

The aquaponic principle—It is all about coupling

Baganz

Junge

Portella

et al. 2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The aquaponic principle is the coupling of animal aquaculture (e.g. fish) with plant production (e.g. vegetables) for saving resources. At present, various definitions of aquaponics exist, some bearing the risk of misinterpretation by dismissing the original meaning or being contradictory. In addition, there is no standard terminology for the aspects of coupling between the aquaponic subsystems. In this study, we addressed both issues. (1) We developed new or revised definitions that are summarised by: Aquaponic farming comprises aquaponics (which couples tank‐based animal aquaculture with hydroponics) and trans‐aquaponics, which extends aquaponics to tankless aquaculture as well as non‐hydroponics plant cultivation methods. Within our conceptual system, the term aquaponics corresponds to the definitions of FAO and EU. (2) A system analysis approach was utilised to explore different aquaponic setups aiming to better describe the way aquaponic subsystems are connected. We introduced the new terms ‘coupling type’ and ‘coupling degree’, where the former qualitatively characterises the water‐mediated connections of aquaponic subsystems. A system with on‐demand nutrient water supply for the independent operating plant cultivation is an ‘on‐demand coupled system’ and we propose to deprecate the counterintuitive term ‘decoupled system’ for this coupling type. The coupling degree comprises a set of parameters to quantitatively determine the coupling's efficiency of internal streams, for example, water and nutrients. This new framework forms a basis for improved communication, provides a uniform metric for comparing aquaponic facilities, and offers criteria for facility optimisation. In future system descriptions, it will simplify evaluation of the coupling's contribution to sustainability of aquaponics.

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