Evaluation of ozone injury on foliage of black cherry (Prunus serotina) and tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Chappelka, Arthur H.; Renfro, James R.; Somers, Greg L.; Nash, Bruce

doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(96)00120-0

Cited by 57 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the implications are quite different for natural ecosystems where genetic manipulation is neither practical nor logical. Current ambient ozone levels are sufficient to cause visible injury on plants in natural ecosystems including tall milkweed (Chappelka et al, 1997), black cherry (Chappelka et al, 1999), and native wildflowers (Chappelka et al, 2003), but the long‐term impact is not known at present. There is a growing concern that increasing ambient ozone levels will alter competition between sensitive and tolerant species within a plant community resulting in a negative impact on biodiversity (Krupa et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ambient Ozone Effects on Vegetation Using Snap Bean as a Bioindicator Species

2005

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Tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant that is toxic to plants, causing visible injury to foliage and a reduction in growth and yield. The use of plant bioindicators is one approach to assess the ozone impacts in diverse geographical areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a potential bioindicator species. Three snap bean genotypes known to exhibit a range of ozone sensitivity were grown in pots under charcoal-filtered (CF) or nonfiltered (NF) treatments in open-top chambers, or under ambient air (AA) conditions. Treatment effects on biomass were not significant at 56 days after planting (DAP), but midseason foliar injury increased in the NF and AA treatments relative to CF controls. An increase in ozone from 25 to 30 nL L(-1) in CF controls to approximately 50 nL L(-1) in the NF and AA treatments was found to suppress final pod dry weight per plant by 40 to 60% in the most sensitive genotype S156. The same treatments suppressed final pod dry weight by 20 to 30% in a moderately sensitive genotype Oregon-91, and by 10% or less in a tolerant genotype R123. An S156 to R123 yield ratio of approximately one was observed under CF conditions. The S156 to R123 yield ratio declined to 0.6 to 0.7 in the NF treatment and declined further to 0.4 to 0.5 in the AA treatment, suggesting that ozone impact was underestimated in the open-top chambers. The results suggest that a snap bean bioindicator system has the potential to detect ambient ozone effects at present-day ozone concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Ambient Ozone Effects on Vegetation Using Snap Bean as a Bioindicator Species

2005

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“…Yellow-poplar, green ash and sweetgum were confirmed to exhibit symptoms of ozone injury at ambient ozone concentrations in an open-top chamber study (Duchelle, Skelly & Chevone, 1982). Chappelka et al (1997) conducted a survey of foliar injury on black cherry seedlings and saplings throughout GRSM during late summer 1992. Visible foliar symptoms were prevalent throughout the Park, occurring on 47 % of the plants observed (over 1600 plants), confirming the findings of Neufeld et al (1992) that visible injury was widespread in GRSM.…”

Section:  mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: a review

1998

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Tropospheric ozone can affect crop yield and has been reported to cause reductions in growth and biomass of forest tree species in laboratory and glasshouse studies. However, linkages between growth and ambient ozone concentrations in the field are not well established for forest trees. Ambient ozone concentrations have been shown to cause foliar injury on a number of tree species throughout much of the eastern USA. Symptom expression is influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors and, therefore, ozone-exposure\tree-response relationships have been difficult to confirm. Clearly defined, cause-effect relationships between visible injury and growth losses due to ozone have not been validated. Generalizations of sensitivity of forest trees to ozone are complicated by tree development stage, microclimate, leaf phenology, compensatory processes, within-species variation and other interacting stresses. In general, decreases in above-ground growth at ambient ozone levels in the eastern USA appear to be in the range of 0-10 % per year. However, these conclusions are based on a small number of tree species, with the vast majority of studies involving individual tree seedlings in a non-competitive environment. Comparative studies of small and large trees indicate that seedlings are not suitable surrogates for predicting responses of mature trees to ozone. Process-level modelling is a promising methodology that has been recently utilized to assess ozone effects on a stand to regional scale, indicating that ozone is affecting forest growth in the eastern USA. The extent and magnitude of the response is variable and depends on many edaphic and climatic factors. It is imperative when conducting assessment exercises, however, that forest biologists constantly keep in mind the tremendous variability that exists within natural systems. Scaling of single site\physiological response phenomena from an individual tree to an ecosystem and\or region necessitates further research.

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“…Foram avaliadas a incidência e a severidade dos sintomas, segundo Chappelka et al (1997): incidência é o número de indivíduos com sintomas foliares em porcentagem do número total de indivíduos e severidade é o número de folhas com danos em porcentagem do número total de folhas das plantas que possuem danos.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Alterações bioquímicas associadas a injúrias foliares visíveis em plantas jovens de Psidium guajava 'Paluma' mantidas em ambiente contaminado por ozônio

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Rinaldi

Moraes

2007

Hoehnea

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-(Biochemical alterations associate with visible foliar injury in saplings of Psidium guajava 'Paluma' maintained in an environment polluted by ozone). Psidium guajava 'Paluma' is sensitive to ozone, to which reacts with characteristic visible foliar injuries. The concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) and the activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) had been evaluated in new and old leaves of plants exposed (n = 13) to ozone in a contaminated area (Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP) and in a controlled environment (glasshouse with filtered air) to assess the occurrence of latent injuries (alteration in AA, SOD and/or POD) and if the occurrence of these differed between leaves with or without visible injuries. The AA concentration was higher in plants of Ibirapuera, without difference between new or old and with or without visible injuries. The activity of SOD and POD differed between new and old leaves, but not with relation to the site of exposition and the presence or absence of foliar injuries. There was no significant decrease in biomass in plants exposed in Ibirapuera. We conclude that in P. guajava 'Paluma' SOD and POD are not related to the protection against visible foliar injuries and that the AA is a indicator of latent injury. Key words: ascorbic acid, foliar injury, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase RESUMO -(Alterações bioquímicas associadas a injúrias foliares visíveis em plantas jovens de Psidium guajava 'Paluma' mantidas em ambiente contaminado por ozônio). Psidium guajava 'Paluma' é sensível ao ozônio, ao qual responde com características injúrias foliares visíveis. Foram avaliadas a concentração de ácido ascórbico (AA) e a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e peroxidases (POD) em folhas novas e velhas de plantas expostas (n = 13) em região contaminada por ozônio (Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP) e em um ambiente controlado (casa de vegetação com ar filtrado), com o objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência de injúrias latentes (alteração em AA, SOD e/ou POD) e se a ocorrência destas diferia entre folhas com ou sem injúrias visíveis. A concentração de AA foi maior nas plantas do Ibirapuera, sem diferença entre novas ou velhas e com ou sem injúrias. A atividade de SOD e POD diferiu entre folhas novas e velhas, mas não com relação ao local de exposição e a presença ou ausência de injúrias foliares. Não houve decréscimo na biomassa das plantas expostas no Ibirapuera. Conclui-se que em P. guajava 'Paluma' SOD e POD não estão relacionadas à proteção contra injúrias foliares visíveis nessa espécie e que o AA é um indicador de injúria latente. Palavras-chave: ácido ascórbico, injúrias foliares, peroxidases, superóxido dismutase

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Evaluation of ozone injury on foliage of black cherry (Prunus serotina) and tall milkweed (Asclepias exaltata) in Great Smoky Mountains National Park

Cited by 57 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment of Ambient Ozone Effects on Vegetation Using Snap Bean as a Bioindicator Species

Assessment of Ambient Ozone Effects on Vegetation Using Snap Bean as a Bioindicator Species

Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: a review

Alterações bioquímicas associadas a injúrias foliares visíveis em plantas jovens de Psidium guajava 'Paluma' mantidas em ambiente contaminado por ozônio

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