Evaluation of ozone depletion potentials for chlorobromomethane (CH2ClBr) and 1-bromo-propane (CH2BrCH2CH3)

Wuebbles, Donald J.; Patten, Kenneth O.; Connell, Peter S.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00322-1

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An important example is n-propyl bromide (also referred to as 1-bromopropane, CH2BrCH2CH3 or simplified as 1-C3H7Br or nPB). This compound, useful as a solvent, has been estimated to have an atmospheric lifetime of about 11 to 14 days due to its reaction with hydroxyl, OH [Nelson et al, 1997;Wuebbles et al, 1998Wuebbles et al, , 1999a. As discussed later, we get a somewhat longer lifetime in the present study, largely because of the way the calculation is done relative to the prior analyses.…”

Section: Paper Number 2001jd900008mentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The fact that the nPB lifetime is affected little in the "30øN -60øN" no-degradation case compared to the global nodegradation case without C1 reaction, but is reduced to a value comparable to that in the work of Wuebbles et al [1999a] in the "5øS-30øN" no-degradation case, allows us to explain the lifetime difference between the past and current studies. The use of a constant mixing ratio boundary condition in the past studies, combined with the fact that the local nPB lifetime in the tropics is 6 days compared to the global average of 19 as found in this study with constant flux boundary conditions, resulted in a considerable excess of nPB flux introduced in the tropics in order to maintain a consistent burden with extratropical latitudes.…”

Section: Effect Of Npb Flux Locationmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The second column identifies whether nPB degradation chemistry is included. "Yes" in this column signifies that nPB oxidation proceeds to products as illustrated in Figures la, lb, and lc and that those p•oducts undergo further oxidation steps or photolysis to eventually release inorganic bromine unless they are removed from the troposphere by dry or wet deposition, while "no" indicates that the nPB + OH reaction is treated as immediately releasing inorganic bromine, as was done in our previous studies [Wuebbles et al, , 1999a. When nPB degradation chemistry applies, the third column indicates the choice of rainout parameters for nPB degradation products between "a-based" (predicted from mass accommodation coefficients for analogous compounds on water) and "high" (similar to nitric acid) …”

Section: Two-dimensional Model Studiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

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New methodology for Ozone Depletion Potentials of short‐lived compounds: n‐Propyl bromide as an example

et al. 2001

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Abstract. A number of the compounds proposed as replacements for substances controlled under the Montreal Protocol have extremely short atmospheric lifetimes, on the order of days to a few months. An important example is n-propyl bromide (also referred to as 1-bromopropane, CH2BrCH2CH 3 or simplified as 1-C3H7Br or nPB). This compound, useful as a solvent, has an atmospheric lifetime of less than 20 days due to its reaction with hydroxyl. Because nPB contains bromine, any amount reaching the stratosphere has the potential to affect concentrations of stratospheric ozone. The definition of Ozone Depletion Potentials (ODP) needs to be modified for such short-lived compounds to account for the location and timing of emissions. It is not adequate to treat these chemicals as if they were uniformly emitted at all latitudes and longitudes as normally done for longer-lived gases. Thus, for short-lived compounds, policymakers will need a table of ODP values instead of the single value generally provided in past studies. This study uses the MOZART2 three-dimensional chemical-transport model in combination with studies with our less computationally expensive two-dimensional model to examine potential effects of nPB on stratospheric ozone. Multiple facets of this study examine key questions regarding the amount of bromine reaching the stratosphere following emission of nPB. Our most significant findings from this study for the purposes of short-lived replacement compound ozone effects are summarized as follows. The degradation of nPB produces a significant quantity of bromoacetone which increases the amount of bromine transported to the stratosphere due to nPB. However, much of that effect is not due to bromoacetone itself, but instead to inorganic bromine which is produced from tropospheric oxidation of nPB, bromoacetone, and other degradation products and is transported above the dry and wet deposition processes of the model. The

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Section: Paper Number 2001jd900008mentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Effect Of Npb Flux Locationmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Two-dimensional Model Studiesmentioning

confidence: 89%

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New methodology for Ozone Depletion Potentials of short‐lived compounds: n‐Propyl bromide as an example

et al. 2001

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“…The concept of ODP introduced by Wuebbles in 1981 and developed by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) has been used to evaluate the effects of compounds on stratosphere ozone (Wuebbles et al, 1998, Calzonid et al, 2000. The main identified ozone depleting substances are halogenated compounds (e.g.…”

Section: Ozone Depletion Potential (Odp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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LCA of Light-weight Eco-composites Statement of originality 2 Statement of originalityI hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person.Contributions made to the research of this thesis by others, with whom I have worked with are explicitly acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others with data collection and modification of process-oriented model DNDC is acknowledged. Miao GuoSep 2010 LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 3 AbstractThe environmental profiles of novel wheat based foam materials were investigated in this thesis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The LCAs were developed using primary data collected from industrial sources combined with new laboratory experiments supplemented with secondary data from publicly available sources.Laboratory research was conducted to obtain important missing data on WBFs for the LCA modelling, including physico-chemical parameters, biodegradability and energy recovery under anaerobic digestion conditions.Contribution analysis suggested that the emissions evolved from the wheat agroecosystem and PVOH production, together with the energy and infrastructure involved in WBF production were the major contributors to the environmental burdens of the WBF life cycle in most impact categories. The atmospheric emissions resulting from WBF degradation at the end-of-life also emerged as another important contributor to environmental impact. Amongst the diverse ‗end-of-life' scenarios examined, AD and home composting were suggested to be the optimum choices for WBF waste treatment. This research discusses two N 2 O modelling approaches and presents a method to expand the system boundary by integrating the process-oriented model DNDC for field emissions into the LCA. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the environmental profiles of agricultural products are influenced substantially by the system boundary definition. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 4 Furthermore, it suggests that the ‗general rule' in LCA practice by applying an empirical model or a default emission factor (EF) could deliver unreliable LCA findings.This study also evaluated the sensitivity of the LCA results to methodology and data variations and quantified the uncertainties in the LCA outcomes arising from uncertainty in the inventory and data variability. This has led to an increase in confidence in the LCA findings. At the same time it indicates the areas where improvements in data or methods are needed in order for robust conclusions to be drawn and unbiased information to be delivered e.g. the methodological rigidity of characterization models, the IPCC Tier 1 EF uncertainty range. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAcknowledgements 5

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“…In particular, it is important to determine to what extent replacements for the CFCs and the controlled brominated species have the potential to reach the lower stratosphere. For this reason, concern has been expressed about a number of compounds which may be sufficiently long-lived to reach the stratosphere in significant quantities [Wuebbles et al, 1998[Wuebbles et al, , 1999Dvortsov et al, 1999].…”

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confidence: 99%

A three‐dimensional model calculation of the ozone depletion potential of 1‐bromopropane (1‐C₃H₇Br)

Bridgeman¹,

Pyle²,

Shallcross³

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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Evaluation of ozone depletion potentials for chlorobromomethane (CH2ClBr) and 1-bromo-propane (CH2BrCH2CH3)

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

New methodology for Ozone Depletion Potentials of short‐lived compounds: n‐Propyl bromide as an example

New methodology for Ozone Depletion Potentials of short‐lived compounds: n‐Propyl bromide as an example

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

A three‐dimensional model calculation of the ozone depletion potential of 1‐bromopropane (1‐C₃H₇Br)

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Evaluation of ozone depletion potentials for chlorobromomethane (CH2ClBr) and 1-bromo-propane (CH2BrCH2CH3)

Cited by 36 publications

References 14 publications

New methodology for Ozone Depletion Potentials of short‐lived compounds: n‐Propyl bromide as an example

New methodology for Ozone Depletion Potentials of short‐lived compounds: n‐Propyl bromide as an example

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

A three‐dimensional model calculation of the ozone depletion potential of 1‐bromopropane (1‐C3H7Br)

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A three‐dimensional model calculation of the ozone depletion potential of 1‐bromopropane (1‐C₃H₇Br)