Evaluation of ovine herpesvirus type 2 infections, as detected by competitive inhibition ELISA and polymerase chain reaction assay, in dairy cattle without clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever

Powers, Jenny G.; VanMetre, David C.; Collins, James K.; Dinsmore, R. P.; Carman, Jane; Patterson, Gage; Brahmbhatt, Dipa; Callan, Robert J.

doi:10.2460/javma.2005.227.606

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Reduced fitness and higher stress are factors that can make reindeer more susceptible to infections and disease. Latent or subclinical gammaherpesvirus infection is common for several ruminant species (Li et al, 1996;Powers et al, 2005;Vikoren et al, 2006). The low antibody prevalence in the apparently healthy reindeer in this study supports that.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Gammaherpesvirus Infection in Semidomesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus): A Cross-Sectional, Serologic Study in Northern Norway

Neves

Ihlebæk

Skjerve

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is caused by a group of gammaherpesviruses that primarily affect domestic and wild ruminants. Using competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we screened 3,339 apparently healthy, semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) from Finnmark County, Norway, sampled during slaughter. The overall antibody prevalence was 3.5% and varied among reindeer herding districts in Finnmark (0-6.7%), the largest reindeer herding region in Norway. The risk of exposure to gammaherpesvirus (i.e., seroconversion) was significantly higher for adult reindeer than it was for calves #1 yr, for reindeer in east Finnmark (3.8%) compared with west Finnmark (3.3%), and with increasing population density. No evidence of disease associated with this virus was detected in reindeer sampled for this study, but because samples were collected at slaughterhouses, one cannot discard the possibility of these events happening in the field. The low antibody prevalence could indicate occasional infection of reindeer with another ruminant gammaherpesvirus or the presence of a yet-unknown, specific, low-pathogenic reindeer gammaherpesvirus. Further studies should aim at characterizing the virus circulating in reindeer and address the potential clinical impact of this virus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Gammaherpesvirus Infection in Semidomesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus): A Cross-Sectional, Serologic Study in Northern Norway

Neves

Ihlebæk

Skjerve

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…The significance of finding low levels of OvHV-2 in peripheral leukocytes of healthy cattle is unclear. 18,111 MCF in Water (Swamp) Buffalo (B. bubalis)…”

Section: Mcf In Domestic Cattlementioning

confidence: 99%

The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2

O’Toole

2014

Vet Pathol

129

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The enigmatic pathogenesis of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) involves dysregulated immune responses in susceptible ruminant species. Economically important outbreaks of MCF are due to 2 of the 10 viruses currently comprising the malignant catarrhal fever virus group: ovine herpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2) and alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1). Attempts to develop effective vaccines for this group of viruses in the 1970s were sufficiently discouraging that they were temporarily abandoned. This review focuses on recent efforts to understand the pathogenesis of MCF, particularly the sheep-associated form of the disease, with the goal of developing rational control methods, including vaccination. The past 2 decades have seen several advances, including recognition of new members of the MCF virus group, better diagnostic assays, induction of disease by a natural route (aerosol), and clearer understanding of OvHV-2's shedding patterns by domestic sheep. A consistent theme in experimental studies of OvHV-2 in susceptible species is that there are 2 peaks of OvHV-2 gene expression: a preclinical peak involving the respiratory tract and a second in multiple organ systems leading to clinical disease. Latent and lytic gene expression may coexist in tissues during clinical stages in symptomatic animals.Keywords bison, cattle, malignant catarrhal fever, ovine herpesvirus 2, sheep, virus, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, vasculitisIn 1997, we were approached by a bison producer who lost multiple adult animals to malignant catarrhal fever (MCF). 132As is often the case, the producer's questions were pragmatic and dealt with the likely source of infection, how the outbreak might be stopped, and whether effective treatment or vaccination was possible. At that time, our group had worked on MCF for several years, relying in part on case material from natural outbreaks of MCF in domestic cattle. 92,93 Diagnosticians and researchers were the beneficiaries of new diagnostic assays to confirm infection in live animals. 4,70 Unfortunately, the news for the producer was bad. The source of infection was probably domestic sheep, but the distance over which transmission was likely to occur was unknown. The producer reported that no sheep were in the immediate vicinity of her herd. Little was known about how sheep shed the virus or the duration of shedding. Since MCF was of modest interest to the cattle industry, funding for basic studies was constrained. No effective treatment existed. In the wake of that owner's outbreak, it quickly became clear that MCF was of appreciable importance to the commercial bison industry in the United States and Canada. 7,94 The long history and intriguing nature of MCF (Table 1) were small solace to the Colorado producer in the absence of practical solutions from MCF researchers. A total of 27 bison died as a result of the outbreak. Three bison remaining in the herd were butchered. Efforts to raise bison on the property were temporarily abandoned.This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of sheep-...

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“…This fatal disease is characterised with lympho-proloferation, vasculitis and ulcers of bison's mucosa. SA-MCF was proved by PCR in American bison and red deer without clinical symptoms (Powers et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and identification of malignant catarrhal fever virus in cell cultures

Hristov¹,

Peshev²

2016

BJVM

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Vet. Med., 19, No 4,[263][264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273] Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease syndrome responsible for mortality in domestic and wild ruminant species. MCF is caused by gammaherpesviruses -the ovine herpesvirus type 2 causing sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) and alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1 known as wildebeest-associated MCF (WA-MCF). The present study described the cultural peculiarities of MCF virus isolated from different samples originated from dead and alive wild animals from the Sofia Zoo. MDBK, EBTR, RK, MA-104 and VERO cell cultures were used for the isolation of MCF virus. The best growth of viruses was observed on MDBK cell cultures. The CPE was characterised with forming of the syncytium and destruction of the monolayers 2-3 days after the virus adaptation. The CPE was different for obtained isolates. The isolates from gaur formed a bigger cell syncytium than that in the cell cultures infected with buffy coat from bisons where a cell syncytium of smaller size and shape was observed. The virus identification was performed by biochemical methods and PCR.

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Evaluation of ovine herpesvirus type 2 infections, as detected by competitive inhibition ELISA and polymerase chain reaction assay, in dairy cattle without clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever

Cited by 41 publications

References 24 publications

Gammaherpesvirus Infection in Semidomesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus): A Cross-Sectional, Serologic Study in Northern Norway

Gammaherpesvirus Infection in Semidomesticated Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus): A Cross-Sectional, Serologic Study in Northern Norway

The Pathology of Malignant Catarrhal Fever, With an Emphasis on Ovine Herpesvirus 2

Isolation and identification of malignant catarrhal fever virus in cell cultures

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