Evaluation of Outcome for Intubated Patients with Pneumonia Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Rello, Jordi; Jubert, Paola; Vallès, Jordi; Artigas, Antonio; Rué, Montse; Niederman, Michael S.

doi:10.1093/clinids/23.5.973

Cited by 155 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…21 Presence of microorganisms in textile fabrics, medical implants and tools, food containers, and water transport and treatment systems can cause infectious diseases and must be controlled; For example, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause brain inflammatory diseases, allergic sensitivity, 22,23 and lung infections or pneumonia in patients with compromised immune systems and hospital infections, respectively. 24,25 On the other hand, considering the increased resistance of microbial organisms toward current biocides, as well as healthcare costs, 26 much research has been conducted to develop new and improved antimicrobial agents. 27 Using nanotechnology, it is possible to develop novel inorganic nanomaterials with bactericidal activity as alternative replacements for treatment of bacterial diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22][23][24]28 Silver nanostructures, mainly nanoparticles, have applications in industry and medicine due to the intrinsic properties of silver and the special properties arising from their nanosized dimensions, such as high electrical conductivity, stability, and photonic, catalytic and antibacterial activities. 25,28,29 Due to the toxicity of silver to microorganisms, it and materials containing it are used in coatings, fillers, filters, textiles, clothes, and medical tools and devices. 28,30,31 Silver-containing nanomaterials can attach to cell walls, enter cells, 32 attach to membrane proteins and respiratory chains in mitochondria, and generate ROS 33 by catalyzing partial reduction reaction of oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Myrtus communis L. Leaf Extract and Investigation of Bactericidal Activity

Ajdari

Tondro

Sattarahmady

et al. 2017

Journal of Elec Materi

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Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized using only Myrtus communis L. leaf extract by a facile procedure without other reagents. The extract played the roles of both reducing and capping agent. The nanoparticles were characterized using field-emission scanning microscopy, and remained stable for at least 3 weeks. Antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated toward Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis based on inhibition zone disk diffusion assays. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of the nanoparticles were obtained. Mechanisms for the antibacterial activity were proposed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Myrtus communis L. Leaf Extract and Investigation of Bactericidal Activity

Ajdari

Tondro

Sattarahmady

et al. 2017

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…HAP infections occur in 0.5 to 2% of hospitalized patients (30,33) and are associated with mortality rates of approximately 30% (6,13,41,54). HAP is usually caused by bacterial pathogens, and in 26 to 67% of cases the etiology is polymicrobial (3,8,39).…”

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confidence: 99%

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induces Localized Immunosuppression during Pneumonia

et al. 2008

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Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia is a common and serious complication of modern medical care. Many aspects of such infections remain unclear, including the mechanisms by which invading pathogens resist clearance by the innate immune response and the tendency of the infections to be polymicrobial. Here, we used a mouse model of infection to show that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a leading cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia, interferes with the ability of recruited phagocytic cells to eradicate bacteria from the lung. Early in infection, phagocytic cells, predominantly neutrophils, are recruited to the lungs but are incapacitated when they enter the airways by the P. aeruginosa toxin ExoU. The resulting paucity of functioning phagocytes allows P. aeruginosa to persist within the lungs and results in local immunosuppression that facilitates superinfection with less-pathogenic bacteria. Together, our results provide explanations for previous reports linking ExoU-secreting P. aeruginosa with more severe pulmonary infections and for the tendency of hospital-acquired pneumonia to be polymicrobial.Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a common and frequently lethal complication of admission to an acute medical care facility. HAP infections occur in 0.5 to 2% of hospitalized patients (30,33) and are associated with mortality rates of approximately 30% (6,13,41,54). HAP is usually caused by bacterial pathogens, and in 26 to 67% of cases the etiology is polymicrobial (3,8,39). While the reasons for this are unclear, the coexistence of multiple species of bacteria within the lungs of patients may contribute to the high mortality associated with this disease.The gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the leading cause of HAP in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (referred to as ventilator-associated pneumonia [VAP]) (40). Interestingly, infection with P. aeruginosa, as opposed to infection with most other bacterial species, is an independent risk factor for death in patients with VAP (23). Although a high incidence of antibiotic resistance among P. aeruginosa strains contributes to the excess mortality associated with this bacterium, its intrinsic virulence also likely plays a role. Even VAP patients treated with antimicrobial agents to which their P. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible had a relapse rate of 18% (42). This suggests that P. aeruginosa elaborates potent virulence determinants that are adept at neutralizing the host immune response, resulting in persistent bacterial infections with poor outcomes.Despite the severity of HAP caused by P. aeruginosa, much remains unknown about the mechanisms by which this bacterium persists in the lungs and causes the tissue damage and inflammation associated with pneumonia. P. aeruginosa elaborates a number of virulence factors that may augment the disease process (12, 45), including a type III secretion system, which has been associated with more-severe disease in patients with HAP (18,44). Via a type III secretion system, some strains of P. aeruginosa injec...

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“…Infections are frequently severe, and two recent studies indicated that the rate of mortality attributable to P. aeruginosa bacteremia is approximately 34% (10,28). Many virulence factors may contribute to pathogenicity, including biofilm formation and the expression of adhesins, endotoxin, and hydrolytic exotoxins, which cause tissue destruction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Producing VIM-8, a Novel Metallo-β-Lactamase, in a Tertiary Care Center in Cali, Colombia

Crespo

Woodford²,

Sinclair³

et al. 2004

J Clin Microbiol

143

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The prevalence of imipenem resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates at a 195-bed tertiary care medical center in Cali, Colombia, rose from 2% in 1996 to 28% in 1997 and to over 40% in 2003. Many isolates showed high-level multiresistance, and phenotypic characterization suggested the spread of a predominant strain with minor variants. Sixty-six resistant isolates collected between February 1999 and July 2003 from hospitalized patients (n ‫؍‬ 54) and environmental samples (n ‫؍‬ 12) were subjected to a fuller analysis. Genetic fingerprints were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SpeI-digested genomic DNA, and bla IMP and bla VIM genes were sought by PCR. PFGE and serotyping indicated that 52 of the 66 isolates belonged to a single strain, with 82% similarity; the PFGE pattern for this organism was designated pattern A. Two further pairs of isolates represented single strains; the remaining nine isolates were unique, and in the case of one isolate, no satisfactory PFGE profile could be obtained. The pattern A isolates were mostly of serotype O12 and were highly resistant to imipenem (MICs, 32 to >256 g/ml), with this resistance decreased eightfold or more in the presence of EDTA. They yielded amplicons with bla VIM -specific primers, and sequencing of DNA from a representative isolate revealed bla VIM-8 , a novel allele with three polymorphisms compared with the sequence of bla VIM-2 . Two of these nucleotide changes were silent, but the third determined a Thr139Ala substitution. Only 4 of 13 resistant isolates (2 clinical isolates and 2 environmental isolates) assigned to other PFGE types carried bla VIM alleles, whereas the others were less multiresistant and mostly had lower levels of imipenem resistance (MICs, <32 g/ml) which was not significantly reduced by EDTA. No bla IMP alleles were detected. During 2003, when the environmental study was undertaken, serotype O12 isolates with bla VIM were recovered from sinks and stethoscopes in the most-affected units, although not from the hands of staff; the problem declined once these reservoirs were disinfected and hygienic precautions were reinforced.

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Evaluation of Outcome for Intubated Patients with Pneumonia Due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Cited by 155 publications

References 22 publications

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Myrtus communis L. Leaf Extract and Investigation of Bactericidal Activity

Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Myrtus communis L. Leaf Extract and Investigation of Bactericidal Activity

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induces Localized Immunosuppression during Pneumonia

Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Producing VIM-8, a Novel Metallo-β-Lactamase, in a Tertiary Care Center in Cali, Colombia

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